Chapter 9 Notes

Question 1

5 conative needs

Maslow

Answer 1

1) physiological needs
The only needs that can be fully or overly satisfied
The need is recurrent’
(2) safety needs
Cannot be overly satiated
children feel more afraid and thus this is a bigger one for them
Adults who haven’t got the feeling of safety experience basic anxiety
(3) love and belonging needs
Includes sex and the need to give and receive love
People who have received a little love growing up tend to crave it even more than those who got satisfied or those that didn’t get it
Adults have twisted ways of getting it that result poorly
4) esteem needs
Respect, confidence, competence and the knowledge that others hold them ini high regard
Reputation : in Th. Eyes of others
Self-esteem : in your own eyes
5) self-actualization needs
Self fulfillment
The realization of one’s potential
Desire to be creative
Spontaneous
Not dependent on the satisfaction of love or esteem needs.. They can override what others think of them

Question 2

Distinguish between conative, aesthetic, cognitive, and neurotic needs

Maslow

Answer 2

conative needs Needs that pertain to willful and
purposive striving, for example Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs.

Aesthetic needs include a desire for beauty and order, and some people have much stronger aesthetic needs than do others. When people fail to meet their aesthetic needs, they become sick

Cognitive needs include the desire to know, to understand, and to be curious. Knowledge is a prerequisite for each of the five conative needs. Also, people who are denied knowledge and kept in ignorance become sick, paranoid, and depressed

Neurotic Needs include a desire to dominate, to inflict pain, or to subject oneself to the will of another person
Lead only to stagnation and pathology
They are non-productive
Serve as compensation for lack of other needs being met
Checking facebook compulsively
Get in the way of self-actualization

Question 3

Maslow’s View of Motivation

Answer 3

(1) the whole organism is motivated at any one time;
(2) motivation is complex, and unconscious motives often underlie behavior;
(3) people are continually motivated by one need or another;
(4) people in different cultures are motivated by the same basic needs; and
(5) the basic needs can be arranged on a hierarchy.

Question 4

Values of Self-Actualizers

Maslow

Answer 4

self-actualizing people are metamotivated by such B-values as truth, goodness, beauty, justice, and simplicity.

Question 5

more efficient perception of reality

Maslow

Answer 5

they often have an almost uncanny ability to detect phoniness in others, and they are not fooled by sham; less likely to see the world as they think it should be

Question 6

acceptance of self, others, and nature

Maslow

Answer 6

Accept yourself as you are
Lack defensiveness, phoniness, self defeating guilt
Hearty appetite for food, sleep and sex
Tolerate weakness in others and not threatened by others’ strengths
Accept fallible and realize and accept that you grow old an die

Question 7

spontaneous simplicity and naturalness

Maslow

Answer 7

have no need to appear complex or sophisticated;

Question 8

problem-centered

Maslow

Answer 8

view age-old problems from a solid philosophical position

Question 9

the need for privacy

Maslow

Answer 9

detachment that allows them to be alone without being lonely

Question 10

autonomy

Maslow

Answer 10

they have grown beyond dependency on other people for their self-esteem;

Question 11

continued freshness of appreciation

Maslow

Answer 11

Beginner mind and a sense of overarching gratitude

Question 12

peak experiences

Maslow

Answer 12

Mystical, transcendence
See the universe as whole and understand their place in it
Humble and more powerful at the same time
Loss of fear, anxiety
Unmotivated, non-striving, non-wishing
Never experienced as evil

Question 13

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

Maslow

Answer 13

Social interest, community feeling

Sense of oneness with all humanity

Question 14

profound interpersonal relationships

Maslow

Answer 14

Few close friends but deep and intense

Choose healthy friends

Question 15

democratic character structure

Maslow

Answer 15

Democratic values
Quite unaware of superficial differences between people
Ability to want to learn from anyone
Learn from people who are less healthy than they are but still fight of evil people

Question 16

discrimination between means and ends

Maslow

Answer 16

See the means as the end, i.e. Enjoy every step of the way including exercise, studying
Do it not just because it is a means to an end

Question 17

philosophical sense of humor

Maslow

Answer 17

Non hostile
Not laughing at someone else's expense
Jokes amuse, inform, point  to ambiguities and provoke a smile not a guffaw
Spontaneous rather than planned
Situation dependent and not repeatable 
You had to be there jokes

Question 18

creativeness

Maslow

Answer 18

One and the same
Keen perception of truth, beauty and reality
Don’t have to be an artist - he pointed to his mother in law’s soup as an example

Question 19

resistance to enculturation

Maslow

Answer 19

Able to transcend a particular culture
Neither antisocial nor consciously non-conforming
March to their own drum
Less molded
They don’t dress different but on the important matters they can stand out
They become more unique

Question 20

Philosophy of Science

Maslow

Answer 20

you need to care about that which you are studying

resacralize their science, that is, to instill it with human values and to view participants with awe, joy, wonder, rapture, and ritual

Question 21

Desacralization

Maslow

Answer 21

science that lacks emotion

Called for scientists to put emotion creativity and ritual back into their work

Question 22

The Jonah Complex

Maslow

Answer 22

The fear of being one’s best - running away from your fate

1) the human body is not strong enough to to endure the ecstasy of fulfillment for very long : this is too much, I can’t stand it anymore
2) you have a big dream but when you compare yourself to people who have succeeded then you say “who am I to be thinking like this” and see it as arrogant so as a defense against sinful pride you lower your aspiration and adopt a self defeating approach

Question 23

Psychotherapy

Maslow

Answer 23

To embrace (B)eing values (value, truth, justice, goodness, simplicity etc…)
Free from dependency on others so you can grow towards actualization
Everyone has a tendency to move to SA
Warm relationship with the therapist
Acceptance gives the client a feeling of being loved and worthy
This view is identical to carl rogers’

Question 24

instinctoid needs

Answer 24

Maslow suggested that instinctoid needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

The frustration of instinctoid needs leads to various
types of pathology.

Question 25

Describe Maslow’s criteria for identifying self-actualizers

Answer 25

Four criteria must be met before a person achieves self-actualization

(1) absence of psychopathology, (2) satisfaction of each of the four lower level needs, (3) full realization of one’s potentials for growth, and (4) acceptance of the B-values

Question 26

List and describe the 15 characteristics of self-actualizing people.

Answer 26

(1) more efficient perception of reality; they often have an almost uncanny ability to detect phoniness in others, and they are not fooled by sham;
(2) acceptance of self, others, and nature;
(3) spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness; they have no need to appear complex or sophisticated;
(4) problem-centered; they view age-old problems from a solid philosophical position;
(5) the need for privacy, or a detachment that allows them to be alone without being lonely;
(6) autonomy; they have grown beyond dependency on other people for their self-esteem;
(7) continued freshness of appreciation and the ability to view everyday things with a fresh vision and appreciation;
(8) frequent reports of peak experiences
(9) Gemeinschaftsgefühl, that is, social interest
(10) profound interpersonal relations but with no desperate need to have a multitude of friends;
(11) the democratic character structure, or the ability to disregard superficial differences between people;
(12) experience little conflict about basic values;
(13) a philosophical sense of humor, spontaneous
(14) creativeness; they possess a keen perception of truth, beauty, and reality;
(15) resistance to enculturation; they have the ability to set personal standards and to resist the mold set by the dominant culture.

Question 27

Explain the difference between reputation and self-esteem

Answer 27

Reputation : in Th. Eyes of others

Self-esteem : in your own eyes

Question 28

Explain the differences between expressive and coping behavior

Answer 28

Maslow insisted that much of our surface behaviors are actually motivated by more basic and often unconscious needs. Maslow also believed that some expressive behaviors are unmotivated, even though all behaviors have a cause. Expressive behaviors have no aim or goal but are merely a person’s mode of expression. In comparison, coping behaviors deal with a person’s attempt to cope with the environment. The conative needs ordinarily call forth coping behaviors.