Chapter 8 B Notes

Question 1

Overview of Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory

similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud

Answer 1

Based on freud but added the psychosocial identity crisis at different stages

Question 2

The Ego in Post-Freudian Psychology

similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud

Answer 2

The body ego
Experiences with our body
Seeing it as different from others

The ego ideal
The image of ourselves in comparison with the established ideal
Responsible with how satisfied we feel about ourselves physically and otherwise

The ego identity
Identity of ourselves in a variety of social roles we play

Question 3

Society’s Influence

similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud

Answer 3

Largely shaped by society / as opposed to freud’s biological influences
Shaped in accordance with societies needs

Question 4

Pseudospecies:

Answer 4

The illusion held by a
particular society that it is somehow chosen to be more
important than other societies

Question 5

Epigenetic Principle

Answer 5

The ego develops according to the epigenetic principle; that is, it grows according to a genetically established rate and in a fixed sequence.

Question 6

8 Stages of development

similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud

Answer 6

Infancy
Early Childhood
Play Age 
School Age
Adolescence
Young Adulthood
Adulthood
Old Age

Question 7

Infancy

Answer 7

1st year of life
Paralleling freud’s oral phase
trust / mistrust
hope // Withdrawal

Question 8

Early Childhood

Answer 8

Freud’s anal stage
2/3 years
autonomy // shame and doubt
Will // Compulsion

Question 9

Play Age

Answer 9

Freud’s phallic
3 - 5
Initiative // guilt
Purpose // Inhibition

Question 10

School Age

Answer 10

6 - 12
Freud’s latency years
Industry // Inferiority
Competence // Inertia

Question 11

Adolescence

Answer 11

Puberty to young adulthood
puberty
Identity // Identity Confusion
Fidelity // role repudiation

Question 12

Young Adulthood

Answer 12

19-30
genitality
intimacy // isolation
Love // exclusivity

Question 13

Adulthood

Answer 13

31 - 60
procreativity
generativity // stagnation
Care // rejectivity

Question 14

Old Age

Answer 14

60 up
Generalized sensuality
Integrity versus Despair
Wisdom //disdain

Question 15

Erikson’s Methods of Investigation

Answer 15

anthropology and psychohistory

Question 16

Anthropological Studies

Answer 16

demonstrated his notion that culture and history help shape personality

Question 17

Psychohistory

Answer 17

Gandhi and Luther. In both cases, the central figure experienced an identity crisis that produced a basic strength rather than a core pathology

Question 18

Describe Erikson’s anthropological studies

Answer 18

made a field trip to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota to investigate the causes of apathy among Sioux children

similar field trip to northern California to study people of the Yurok nation, who lived mostly on salmon fishing

Erikson (1963) was able to show that early childhood training was consistent with this strong cultural value and that history and society helped shape personality.

Question 19

Describe recent research on Erikson’s concepts of identity and generativity

Answer 19

having a sense of generativity is important to effective parenting. The children of highly generative parents had more confidence in themselves, had a stronger sense of freedom, and were just generally happier with life. Additionally, the children of highly generative parents had a stronger future time orientation meaning they spent time thinking about their future and, based on the overall well-being measure, felt pretty good about it.

Question 20

Explain the difference between psychohistory and a case history.

Answer 20

psychohistory A field of study that combines
psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods.

case history would not use things like a biography or historical account

Question 21

List three differences between the theories of Erikson and Freud

Answer 21

Research was on psychohistory and anthropological studies more emphasis on social factors than freud
ego develops according to the epigenetic principle

Question 22

Loosely defined term usually
referring to those psychological theories that heavily
emphasize unconscious motivation. The theories of
Freud, Jung, Adler, Sullivan, Horney, Klein, Erikson, and
perhaps Fromm are usually considered to be
_______.

Answer 22

psychodynamic

Question 23

Explain how identity confusion can have positive effects on personality.

Answer 23

can create strengths

eg:
Old age

Basic strength is Wisdom

The struggle between integrity and despair creates wisdom