Chapter 8 B Notes Flashcards
Overview of Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory
similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud
Based on freud but added the psychosocial identity crisis at different stages
The Ego in Post-Freudian Psychology
similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud
The body ego
Experiences with our body
Seeing it as different from others
The ego ideal
The image of ourselves in comparison with the established ideal
Responsible with how satisfied we feel about ourselves physically and otherwise
The ego identity
Identity of ourselves in a variety of social roles we play
Society’s Influence
similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud
Largely shaped by society / as opposed to freud’s biological influences
Shaped in accordance with societies needs
Pseudospecies:
The illusion held by a
particular society that it is somehow chosen to be more
important than other societies
Epigenetic Principle
The ego develops according to the epigenetic principle; that is, it grows according to a genetically established rate and in a fixed sequence.
8 Stages of development
similarities and differences between Erikson and Freud
Infancy Early Childhood Play Age School Age Adolescence Young Adulthood Adulthood Old Age
Infancy
1st year of life
Paralleling freud’s oral phase
trust / mistrust
hope // Withdrawal
Early Childhood
Freud’s anal stage
2/3 years
autonomy // shame and doubt
Will // Compulsion
Play Age
Freud’s phallic
3 - 5
Initiative // guilt
Purpose // Inhibition
School Age
6 - 12
Freud’s latency years
Industry // Inferiority
Competence // Inertia
Adolescence
Puberty to young adulthood
puberty
Identity // Identity Confusion
Fidelity // role repudiation
Young Adulthood
19-30
genitality
intimacy // isolation
Love // exclusivity
Adulthood
31 - 60
procreativity
generativity // stagnation
Care // rejectivity
Old Age
60 up
Generalized sensuality
Integrity versus Despair
Wisdom //disdain
Erikson’s Methods of Investigation
anthropology and psychohistory
Anthropological Studies
demonstrated his notion that culture and history help shape personality
Psychohistory
Gandhi and Luther. In both cases, the central figure experienced an identity crisis that produced a basic strength rather than a core pathology
Describe Erikson’s anthropological studies
made a field trip to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota to investigate the causes of apathy among Sioux children
similar field trip to northern California to study people of the Yurok nation, who lived mostly on salmon fishing
Erikson (1963) was able to show that early childhood training was consistent with this strong cultural value and that history and society helped shape personality.
Describe recent research on Erikson’s concepts of identity and generativity
having a sense of generativity is important to effective parenting. The children of highly generative parents had more confidence in themselves, had a stronger sense of freedom, and were just generally happier with life. Additionally, the children of highly generative parents had a stronger future time orientation meaning they spent time thinking about their future and, based on the overall well-being measure, felt pretty good about it.
Explain the difference between psychohistory and a case history.
psychohistory A field of study that combines
psychoanalytic concepts with historical methods.
case history would not use things like a biography or historical account
List three differences between the theories of Erikson and Freud
Research was on psychohistory and anthropological studies more emphasis on social factors than freud
ego develops according to the epigenetic principle
Loosely defined term usually
referring to those psychological theories that heavily
emphasize unconscious motivation. The theories of
Freud, Jung, Adler, Sullivan, Horney, Klein, Erikson, and
perhaps Fromm are usually considered to be
_______.
psychodynamic
Explain how identity confusion can have positive effects on personality.
can create strengths
eg:
Old age
Basic strength is Wisdom
The struggle between integrity and despair creates wisdom
