Chapter 3 MC

Question 1

As a child, Adler had an intense rivalry with

a. his mother.
b. his father.
c. an older brother named Sigmund.
d. an older sister named Anna.

Answer 1

c

Question 2

. For more than 30 years, Adler carried an invitation from _______ suggesting that these two men should combine with other physicians to establish the Wednesday Psychological Scoiety.

a. Sigmund Freud
b. Carl Jung
c. his wife
d. William James

Answer 2

a

Question 3

Individual Psychology can be considered to be

a. deterministic.
b. optimistic
c. pessimistic.
d. neo-Freudian.
e. none of these.

Answer 3

b

Question 4

To Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person’s activity is

a. the striving for success or superiority.
b. organ inferiorities.
c. organ dialect.
d. feelings of superiority.

Answer 4

a

Question 5

According to Adler, a person’s final goal is

a. set at about age 18.
b. a creation of the creative power.
c. death.
d. shaped by heredity and environment.

Answer 5

b

Question 6

Adler insisted that personality is shaped by

a. subjective perceptions.
b. birth-order.
c. early childhood experiences.
d. organ inferiorities.

Answer 6

a

Question 7

According to Adler, ideas that have no real existence, yet influence individuals as if they really existed, are called

a. fictions.
b. fabrications.
c. hypotheses.
d. postulates.

Answer 7

a

Question 8

The doctrine that motivation should be considered according to its final purpose or aim is called

a. fictional imperative.
b. Gemeinschaftsgefühl.
c. causation.
d. teleology.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

Alder believed that organ inferiorities

a. cause superiority personalities.
b. cause inferiority personalities.
c. bestow meaning and purpose on all behavior.
d. stimulate feelings of inferiority.

Answer 9

d

Question 10

Gemeinschaftsgefühl is usually translated as

a. style of life.
b. fictional finalism.
c. social interest.
d. organ inferiority.

Answer 10

c

Question 11

According to Adler ______, the “sole criterion of human values” would be

a. social interest.
b. productive work.
c. self-interest.
d. religion.

Answer 11

a

Question 12

A person’s final goal is ultimately shaped by

a. heredity.
b. early childhood experiences.
c. the superego.
d. the creative power.

Answer 12

d

Question 13

People strive toward superiority through one of two paths. One is the route of social interest; the other is the road of

a. success.
b. individuation.
c. exaggerated personal gain.
d. submission

Answer 13

c

Question 14

Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for

a. love.
b. Gemeinschaftsgefühl 
c. food and sex.
d. completion.

Answer 14

d

Question 15

To Adler, the core of maladjustment is

a. innate physical deficiencies.
b. lack of social interest.
c. a pampered style of life.
d. a neglected style of life.

Answer 15

b

Question 16

Early recollections are

a. easily verified by talking to parents or older siblings.
b. keys to understanding one's present style of life.
c. usually unpleasant and traumatic.
d. the cause of one's style of life.

Answer 16

b

Question 17

According to Adler, the creative power

a. usually leads to outstanding accomplishments.
b. shapes one's style of life.
c. is a deterministic concept.
d. is secondary to heredity and environment in shaping personality.

Answer 17

b

Question 18

Adler believed that the goals of a pathological person

a. are exaggerated and unrealistic.
b. are easily reached.
c. both of these.
d. neither of these.

Answer 18

a

Question 19

Pampered children

a. frequently feel neglected.
b. have received too much love.
c. become productive contributions to society.
d. none of these.

Answer 19

a

Question 20

Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are

a. sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious.
b. completely conscious.
c. completely unconscious.
d. used only by neurotics.

Answer 20

a

Question 21

Safeguarding tendencies protect exaggerated feelings of superiority against

a. anxiety.
b. guilt.
c. public disgrace.
d. an uncontrollable id.

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Compared with Freud, Adler

a. had a more positive view toward women.
b. placed more emphasis on aggression.
c. relied more on dream interpretation during psychotherapy.
d. was more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients.

Answer 22

a

Question 23

Style of life is most reliably revealed by

a. the word association test.
b. hypnosis.
c. dream interpretation.
d. early recollections.

Answer 23

d

Question 24

According to Adler, dreams

a. can be interpreted only by the dreamer.
b. express childhood sexual fantasies.
c. provide information for dealing with future problems.
d. can foretell the future.

Answer 24

c

Question 25

According to Adler, human personality is

a. the result of the interaction of heredity and environment.
b. determined by people's experiences with frustration and conflict.
c. shaped by people's interpretations of experiences.
 	d. motivated by a complexity and multiplicity of drives and needs.

Answer 25

c

Question 26

The ultimate goal of Adlerian therapy is to

a. reduce needless anxiety.
b. increase self-confidence.
c. increase social interest.
d. decrease safeguarding tendencies.

Answer 26

c

Question 27

Research suggests that early recollections

a. may change during the course of psychotherapy.
b. are not consistent with scores on current personality inventories.
c. have little or no usefulness to the clinician.
d. tend to remain unchanged while personality changes.

Answer 27

a

Question 28

A major weakness of Adler’s theory is that it

a. is not easily falsifiable.
b. has failed to generate much research.
c. is anti-Freudian.
d. cannot explain inconsistencies in behavior.

Answer 28

a

Question 29

In his concept of humanity, Adler saw people as

a. destined for a life of conflict and chaos.
b. being driven by security and safety.
c. determined mostly by environmental factors.
d. determined mostly by genetic factors.
e. none of these.

Answer 29

e