Chapter 2 Notes

Question 1

hysteria

Answer 1

A mental disorder marked by

the conversion of repressed psychical elements into

somatic symptoms such as impotency, paralysis, or

blindness, when no physiological bases for these

symptoms exist.

Question 2

repression

Answer 2

forcing of unwanted anxiety ridden experiences into the unconscious as a defence against the pain of that anxiety

Question 3

Phylogenetic endowment

Answer 3

similar to Jung’s collective unconscious in that it is inherited baggage, but for Freud it was a last resort when he couldn’t find reasons for people’s problems in their own lives Later uses it to explain oedipus complex and castration anxiety

Question 4

Two sub-systems of superego

Answer 4

Conscience: based on punishment and tells us what we should not do / Guilt Ego-ideal: based on experiences of reward and tells us what we should do / inferiority

Question 5

Forces that motivate people

Answer 5

Freud’s concept of the sexual and aggressive instincts Drive/Impulse sex (eros) and aggression (thanatos) Demands of the real world prevent a direct, covert, unopposed fulfillment of of either sexual or aggressive impulses, creating anxiety relegated to the unconscious

Question 6

Libido is

Answer 6

the psychic energy of Eros

Question 7

Every drive is characterized by an

Answer 7

Impetus

Question 8

Source is

Answer 8

the region of the body in a state of excitation or tension

Question 9

Aim is

Answer 9

to seek pleasure by removing excitation or reducing the tension

Question 10

Object is

Answer 10

the person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied can easily be displaced or substituted: the nipple becomes the thumb

Question 11

Primary narcissism is

Answer 11

when the infants are self-centered with libido almost exclusively invested on their own ego

Question 12

secondary narcissism

Answer 12

during adolescence there is a phase

Question 13

Sadism is

Answer 13

the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

Question 14

Masochism is

Answer 14

when you inflict it on yourself, less dependent on others to get this fix

Question 15

Aggression or Destructive drive main concern is

Answer 15

to return the organism to an inorganic state - ultimately death, so self-destruction Can take many forms such as Teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, enjoyment of other people’s suffering

Question 16

Neurotic Anxiety

Answer 16

apprehension about unknown danger

Question 17

Moral Anxiety

Answer 17

Originates conflict between ego and superego Realistic and superego unrealistic demands

Question 18

realistic Anxiety

Answer 18

unpleasant non-specific feeling involving possible danger Driving in heavy/fast moving traffic, but the danger is non-specific

Question 19

Repression

Answer 19

forces threatening feelings into the unconscious

Question 20

Reaction formation

Answer 20

A defense mechanism in which a

person represses one impulse and adopts the exact

opposite form of behavior, which ordinarily is

exaggerated and ostentatious.

Question 21

Displacement

Answer 21

kick the dog

Question 22

Fixation

Answer 22

smoke, or eat too much then you are fixating orally and neatness and orderliness is an anal fixation

the permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier,

more primitive stage of development

Question 23

Regression

Answer 23

Remain in fetal position, return to mom, stay in bed when anxiety hits

Question 24

Projection

Answer 24

seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one’s own unconscious

Question 25

Introjection

Answer 25

incorporate positive qualities of another person on to themselves

Question 26

sublimation

Answer 26

elevation of the sexual instincts aim to a higher level

Question 27

8 Defence mechanisms

Answer 27

repression

reaction

formation

displacement

fixation

regression

projection

introjection

sublimation

Question 28

psycho sexual phases

Answer 28

oral

anal

phallic

latency

genital

Question 29

oral

Answer 29

0 - 2 Nipple oriented At first no pob but then with scheduled and less frequent feedings and eventually weening there comes frustration Second phase is the oral sadistic phase, when they teeth They respond by biting, cooing, closing their mouth and smiling Thumb sucking is a defense mechanism against anxiety Eventually, candy, gum, biting pencils, making biting remarks and being sarcastic

Question 30

anal

Answer 30

2 - 3 Early and late phases Receive satisfaction by behaving aggressively for frustrating them with toilet training, before that they took so much pleasure in crapping Then as they get used to it they take an interest in their crap that again is based on the joy of crapping If kids are shamed around this they become retentive and if they are praised then they become well adjusted adults Girls carry over penis envy in this stage Penis, baby and feces, because of their same shape are represented similarly in dreams

Question 31

phallic

Answer 31

3 - 4 Genital becomes the leading erogenous zone Dichotomy between male and female He believed that sex differences accounted for many psychological differences Suppression of masturbation happens around this stage because they want to and parents inhibit them so they develop complexes

Question 32

Oedipus (female)

Answer 32

Experience penis envy when they realize that men have something extra Carried over into the wish to have a baby and a boy in particular Holds mom responsible for bringing her into the world without a penis Results in 3 reactions: Intense hostility towards mom Cling to masculinity hoping to have a penis Develop naturally

Question 33

Latency Period

Answer 33

Post 5 years old until puberty dormant psychosexual development Reinforced through suppression by teachers and parents, internal feelings of shame and guilt

Question 34

Genital Period

Answer 34

Associated with puberty, not to be confused with phallic phase Direct towards another person Reproduction possible Males see the vagina as something sought after as opposed to a source of trauma Genitals are the supreme erogenous zone What differentiates from the phallic stage: Elevated status of vagina Reproductive capacity of sexual drive Direct libido outward instead of to self

Question 35

Maturity

Answer 35

A stage that people pass through after earlier stages in an ideal manner Most don’t get there cuz too many opportunities for pathological disorders and neurotic predispositions Characterized mostly by sublimation of libido Searching for tender and sensual love Come through childhood in control of their psychic energy and with their ego functioning in the center of an ever-expanding world of consciousness

Question 36

Manifest content is

Answer 36

surface meaning

Question 37

Latent content

Answer 37

is the unconscious material

Question 38

All dreams are

Answer 38

wish-fulfillment mostly expressed in latent content Though some trauma sufferers follow the principle of repetition compulsion (PTSD)

Question 39

Parapraxes

Answer 39

freudian slips - unconscious slips

Question 40

Oedipus complex (male)

Answer 40

During the phallic phase, boys and girls begin to have differing psychosexual development. At this time, boys and girls experience the Oedipus complex in which they have sexual feelings for one parent and hostile feelings for the other. The male castration complex, which takes the form of castration anxiety, breaks up the male Oedipus complex and results in a well-formed male superego.

Question 41

Compare Freud’s early therapeutic technique with his later approach and explain how his shift in techniques may have permanently altered the history of psychoanalysis

Answer 41

• During the 1890s, Freud used an aggressive therapeutic technique in which he strongly suggested to patients that they had been sexually seduced as children. - Freud adopted a much more passive type of psychotherapy, one that relied heavily on free association, dream interpretation, and transference - later goal of Freud’s later psychotherapy was to uncover repressed memories

Question 42

Discuss recent research related to Freud’s concept of dreams

Answer 42

In line with wish fulfillment - students are asked to not think about something that they want and then they dream about it

Question 43

Describe how Freud’s childhood experiences may have influenced his theory of personality

Answer 43

his mother’s favorite wished his younger brother would die, and he did at 6 months resulting in guilt that was later vanquished when he learned that a lot of people experience that wish as a jew, thought that his opportunities in physiology would be limited so he moved into psychiatry and nervous diseases