Chapter 3 Notes

Question 1

The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is

Answer 1

striving for success or superiority (early work referred to it as the will to power)

Question 2

role of subjective perceptions

Answer 2

shape behavior and personality

Question 3

personality is

Answer 3

unified and self-consistent

Question 4

style of life

Answer 4

A person’s individuality that
expresses itself in any circumstance or environment; the
“flavor” of a person’s life.

Question 5

Style of life is molded by

Answer 5

people’s creative power

Question 6

Distinguish between striving for superiority and striving for success

Answer 6

psychologically unhealthy people strive for superiority whereas healthy people strive for success

Question 7

Final Goal

Answer 7

Each individual is guided by
is fictional has no objective existence
It unifies personality and renders all behaviour comprehensible

Question 8

6 tenets of Adlerian theory

Answer 8

1) striving for success or superiority
2) subjective perception shapes behavior and personality
3) personality is unified and self-consistent
4) the value of human activity must be seen from the view of social interest
5) the self-consistent personality structure develops into a person’s style of life
6) style of life is molded by people’s creative power

Question 9

Organ Dialect

Answer 9

Organ’s speak a language that is usually more expressive than words

Stomach anxiety

Question 10

Conscious and Unconscious

Defined

Answer 10

unconscious as “ the part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated nor completely understood by the individual “

Conscious thoughts are helpful and unconscious ones are not helpful

The conscious becomes unconscious when we fail to understand it and the unconscious becomes conscious when we understand it

Question 11

personality structure develops into a person’s style of life i.e the flavor of a person’s life, which includes

Answer 11

Goal’s
self-concept
Feelings towards others and attitude towards the world

Question 12

Healthy ones actively struggle to solve 3 main problems of life:

Answer 12

Neighborly love
Sexual love and
Occupation

Question 13

Creative power reflects how people put to use what is

Answer 13

given to them on genetic and nurturing levels

Question 14

maladjustments come from

Answer 14

1 - set their goals too high
2 - live in their own private world
3 - have a rigid and dogmatic life style

Question 15

External Factors in Maladjustment

Answer 15

Exaggerated physical deficiencies
Pampered style of life
Neglected style of life

Question 16

his version of defence mechanisms

Answer 16

Safeguarding Tendencies

Question 17

4 safeguarding tendencies

Answer 17

excuses
aggression
withdrawal
masculine protest

Question 18

Excuses

Answer 18

yes but’ and ‘if only’

Question 19

Aggression

Answer 19

Depreciation which is the tendency to undervalue other people’s achievements and overvalue your own
Belittle another so you look superior

Accusation blame other’s for one’s failures and seek revenge

Self accusation self torture and guilt, masochism, depression, suicide

Question 20

4 elements of Withdrawal

Answer 20

Moving backward
Standing Still
Hesitating
Constructing Obstacles

Question 21

4 Applications of Individual Psychology

Answer 21

Family constellation
Early recollections
Dreams
Psychotherapy

Question 22

Psychopathology results from

Answer 22

Lack of courage
Exaggerated feelings of inferiority
And underdeveloped social interests

Question 23

So his aim is to

Answer 23

Enhance courage
Lessen feelings of inferiority
Encourage social interests

Question 24

Explain how seemingly contradictory behaviors may reflect a single goal of striving for superiority

Answer 24

Although behaviors may appear inconsistent, when they are viewed from the perspective of a final goal, they appear as clever but probably unconscious attempts to confuse and subordinate other people. This confusing and seemingly inconsistent behavior gives the erratic person the upper hand in an interpersonal relationship. Although erratic people are often successful in their attempt to gain superiority over others, they usually remain unaware of their underlying motive and may stubbornly reject any suggestion that they desire superiority over other people

I may appear helpless but in this way I make you my slave to help me then become superior to you

Question 25

social interest (Adler)

Answer 25

Translation of the German Gemeinschaftsgefühl, meaning a community feeling or a sense of feeling at one with all human beings

Question 26

Discuss Adler's ideas on birth order

Answer 26

In therapy, Adler almost always asked patients about their family constellation, that is, their birth order, the gender of their siblings, and the age spread between them. Although people’s perception of the situation into which they were born is more important than numerical rank, Adler did form some general hypotheses about birth Order: 1st born are square 2nd take chances

Question 27

Summarize recent research on early recollections

Answer 27

The general direction of a participant’s career path could be identified from themes seen in early recollections. These vignettes are consistent with Alder’s view of early recollections and demonstrate how style of life may relate to occupational choice.

Question 28

Name four differences between the theories of Adler and Freud.

Answer 28

Tele nor deterministic - About how we deal with goals as opposed to early stages Optimistic More around conscious than un - The conscious becomes unconscious when we fail to understand it and the unconscious becomes conscious when we understand it Roots of psychopathology Lack of courage Exaggerated feelings of inferiority And underdeveloped social interests