Chapter 17 MC

Question 1

Bandura believes that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and

a. heredity.
b. learning.
c. cognition.
d. behavior.

Answer 1

d

Question 2

Bandura’s social cognitive theory takes _____ perspective.

a. a behavioral
b. a learning theory
c. an existential
d. an agentic

Answer 2

d

Question 3

Bandura first became interested in clinical psychology when he

a. entered graduate school at Stanford University.
b. worked on the Alaska highway after graduation from high school.
c. met Skinner at the 1972 APA convention.
d. entered graduate school at the University of Iowa.

Answer 3

b

Question 4

Bandura believes that learning

a. can occur in the absence of a response.
b. is facilitated by the unconscious mind.
c. and performance are identical.
d. is not facilitated by reinforcement.

Answer 4

a

Question 5

According to Bandura, there are two major types of learning—observational and

a. modeling.
b. instinctive.
c. developmental.
d. enactive.
e. conditioning.

Answer 5

d

Question 6

Modeling is enhanced when the person being modeled is

a. a low-status person.
b. attractive.
c. speaking a foreign language.
d. a social isolate.
e. a child.

Answer 6

b

Question 7

According to Bandura, reinforcement

a. is necessary for learning.
b. is cognitively mediated.
c. is environmentally determined.
d. has extrinsic value.

Answer 7

b

Question 8

According to Bandura, the essence of humanness is

a. human agency.
b. imitation
c. aggression.
d. memory.

Answer 8

a

Question 9

The primary component of Bandura’s P factor is

a. cognition.
b. probability.
c. performance.
d. environment

Answer 9

a

Question 10

Chance encounters enter the triadic reciprocal causation paradigm at this point.

a. environment
b. behavior
c. person
d. any or all of these

Answer 10

a

Question 11

According to Bandura, if behavior were completely controlled by the environment, it would be

a. solely the result of chance.
b. less consistent and more varied.
c. rigid and stilted.
d. solely the result of imitation.

Answer 11

b

Question 12

People’s expectations that they are capable of performing a behavior that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation is called

a. outcome expectancy
b. self-efficacy
c. distortion of consequences
d. the self-system

Answer 12

b

Question 13

Which technique is LEAST likely to increase a person’s self-efficacy?

a. verbal persuasion
b. increased emotional arousal
c. vicarious experiences
d. performance accomplishments

Answer 13

b

Question 14

Carlos has great confidence in himself as a hairdresser. However, the economy in his city has recently turned downward, and few people can afford a hairdresser. When Carlos applies for a job at Mr. Dan’s Hair Salon, he will likely have high _______ and low _______.

a. self-efficacy; outcome expectations
b. self-efficacy; self-confidence
c. reward expectancy; self-efficacy
d. anxiety; motivation

Answer 14

a

Question 15

Which of these is MOST likely to increase self-efficacy?

a. verbal persuasion
b. increased emotional arousal
c. decreased emotional arousal
d. performance accomplishments

Answer 15

d

Question 16

Low self-efficacy and an unresponsive environment are MOST likely to result in

a. a high level of performance.
b. apathy and feelings of helplessness.
c. decreased locus of control.
d. increased optimism and self-confidence.

Answer 16

b

Question 17

The personal efficacy of many people working together to bring about social change is called

a. collective efficacy.
b. disengagement of internal control.
c. disengagement of external control.
d. outcome expectations.

Answer 17

a

Question 18

Taylor, like most people, relies on auto mechanics, air conditioning repairmen, network news, and hundreds of other people who enhance her lifestyle. In so doing, Taylor is making use of

a. collective efficacy.
b. proxy efficacy.
c. self-efficacy.
d. self-regulation.

Answer 18

b

Question 19

A set of cognitive structures used to evaluate behavior describes Bandura’s concept of

a. observational learning.
b. modeling.
c. the self system.
d. the ego.
e. the superego.

Answer 19

c

Question 20

According to Bandura, the first requirement for self-regulation is

a. self-observation.
b. modeling.
c. a responsive environment.
d. motor production.
e. reinforcement.

Answer 20

a

Question 21

Which of the following would be an example of disengagement of internal control?

a. A student skips class, and then tells the instructor that she had to attend her grandmother's funeral.
b. A child is punished for playing with his genitals and consequently represses the experience.
c. A conscientious doctor performs an illegal operation, but justifies her actions to herself by saying the surgery was necessary to save a life.
d. A store clerk shoplifts merchandise, feels guilty, and returns it before anyone notices.

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Bandura believes that personal conduct is controlled by

a. an autonomous internal agent called the ego.
b. environmental stimuli.
c. reinforcement.
d. the triadic reciprocal causation paradigm.

Answer 22

d

Question 23

The study by Bandura, Ross, and Ross involving young children and a Bobo doll found that

a. children exposed to an aggressive cartoon character were more aggressive than children not subjected to an aggressive model.
b. children exposed to an aggressive live model were more aggressive than children not subjected to an aggressive live model.
c. both of these was true.
d. neither of these was true.

Answer 23

c

Question 24

The ultimate goal of social-cognitive therapy is

a. self-regulation.
b. self-actualization.
c. an increase in self-efficacy.
d. uncovering hidden conflicts.

Answer 24

a

Question 25

Which statement is most consistent with Bandura’s concept of humanity?

a. People are most strongly motivated to increase self-efficacy.
b. Human personality is formed mostly by the forces of biology.
c. People must successfully navigate the stages of development in order to become psychologically healthy.
d. Humans have the capacity to become many things, within the limits set by biology.

Answer 25

d