Chapter 7 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Capitalism led to increased anxiety leading to 2 choices

A

1) escape from freedom into interpersonal dependencies or

2) move to self-realization through productive love and work

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2
Q

things that affected Fromm were

A

1) talmudic scholars
2) the girls’s suicide
3) WW1
4) Neurotic parents
5) karl marx
6) freud
7) zen
8) johan jakob bachofen
9) hooking up with older women lek Horneye

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3
Q

Fromm’s Basic Assumptions

A

humans have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature and left with no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world. But because humans have acquired the ability to reason, they can think about their isolated condition—a situation Fromm called the human dilemma.

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4
Q

Human Dilemma X3 =

+

existential dichotomies

A

1) life and death: we will die - how to find meaning in that
2) aware of the goal of self-realization, but life is too short to achieve it
3) we are alone but cannot tolerate isolation with the belief that our happiness depends on uniting with fellow humans : cannot solve aloneness versus union but must make an attempt or run the risk of insanity

People experience this basic dilemma because
they have become separate from nature and yet have the capacity to be aware of themselves as isolated beings. The human ability to reason, therefore, is both a
blessing and a curse. On one hand, it permits people to survive, but on the other, it forces them to attempt to solve basic insoluble dichotomies. Fromm referred to these as “existential dichotomies” because they are rooted in people’s very existence. Humans
cannot do away with these existential dichotomies; they can only react to these dichotomies relative to their culture and their individual personalities.

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5
Q

5 needs

A
Relatedness
Transcendence
Rootedness
A sense of identity 
Frame of orientation
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6
Q

Relatedness can happen in 3 ways

A

(1) submission, (2) power, or (3) love

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7
Q

Transcendence

A

Art, religion, laws, love

Humans can destroy through malignant aggression, or killing for reasons other than survival, but they can also create and care about their creations.

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8
Q

Rootedness

A

the need to establish roots and to feel at home again in the world

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9
Q

Sense of Identity

A

Capacity to be aware of ourselves as separate entities

A way to preserve your sanity

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10
Q

Frame of Orientation

A

Basically how things fit together in a social context

An example of a weak version is 9/11 was caused by evil bad people as opposed to orienting it in detail and nuance

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11
Q

The Burden of Freedom

A

experience basic anxiety, or a feeling of being alone in the world.

As the only animal possessing self-awareness, humans are the freaks of the universe.

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12
Q

Mechanisms of Escape

A

3 forms similar to Horney’s neurotic trends

1) authoritarianism, or the tendency to give up one’s independence and to unite with a powerful partner;
(2) destructiveness, an escape mechanism aimed at doing away with other people or things; and
(3) conformity, or surrendering of one’s individuality in order to meet the wishes of others.

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13
Q

Positive Freedom

A

Expression of both rational and emotional potentialities
Associated with spontaneous activity
Love and work are the twin components of positive freedom

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14
Q

Character Orientations

A

Relatively permanent way of relating to people or things
Substitute for instincts
Relate to things via assimilation and socialization

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15
Q

Nonproductive Orientations

A

1) Receive things passively
2) exploiting or taking via force
3) hoarding
4) marketing

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16
Q

The Productive Orientation

A

Biophilia: passionate love of life and all that is alive
Desire to further all life
Concerned with growth
Want to effect change through reason and love
Self love must come first

17
Q

Personality Disorders

A

(1) necrophilia, or the love of death and the hatred of all humanity;
(2) malignant narcissism, or a belief that everything belonging to one’s self is of great value and anything belonging to others is worthless; and
3) incestuous symbiosis, or an extreme dependence on one’s mother or mother surrogate.

18
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Developed humanistic psychoanalysis
Compared to Freud he was much more into the interpersonal dynamics of therapeutic encounter
The aim is for patients to come to know themselves
Come to satisfy the basic human needs so the patient therapist relationship plays an important role
Therapist must relate as one human to another
Transference and counter transference do exist
Dreams, fairy tales, myth but not into specific interpretation of symbols, more to the person

19
Q

Fromm’s Methods of Investigation

A

data he gathered from a variety of sources, including psychotherapy, cultural anthropology, and psychohistory.

20
Q

Related Research

A

Not generated much
More sociological than psych
The more estranged you feel from society, the more anxious and depressed you feel
Worse if you feel estranged from your friends and family
Modern society provides benefits but they come at a cost

21
Q

Critique of Psychoanalytic Social Theory

A

Not able to generate research – too vague
Not verifiable at all
Organize and explain: breadth of info but no precision
Guide to action: not useful
Internally consistent: no taxonomy, operational definitions
Low on parsimony

22
Q

Concept of Humanity

A

Both pessimistic and optimistic
Free choice vs determinism: middle
Causality vs teleology : tips to the side of tele
Conscious vs un: conscious : able to visualize the future and strive
Social vs biological: social / historical
Similarities vs uniqueness: stresses uniqueness

23
Q

Fromm’s psychohistorical study of Hitler

A

Fromm regarded Hitler as the world’s most conspicuous example of a person with the syndrome of decay, possessing a combination of necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis. Hitler displayed all three pathological disorders. He was attracted to death and destruction; narrowly focused on self-interests; and
driven by an incestuous devotion to the Germanic “race,” being fanatically dedicated to preventing its blood from being polluted by Jews and other “non-Aryans.”

Unlike some psychoanalysts who look only to early childhood for clues to adult personality, Fromm believed that each stage of development is important and
that nothing in Hitler’s early life bent him inevitably toward the syndrome of decay.