C11. Anatomy - of the heart

Question 1

what is the root of the lung also called

Answer 1

Hilum

Question 2

what runs anteriorly to the hilum to the diaphragm

Answer 2

Phrenic nerves

Question 3

what runs posteriorly to the hilum to the diaphragm

Answer 3

vagus nerve

Question 4

what is the Fibrous Tissue coating that encapsulates the heart called

Answer 4

the pericardium

Question 5

what lines the pericardium internally

Answer 5

parietal serous pericardium

Question 6

whats the other term for epicardium

Answer 6

Visceral serous pericardium

Question 7

which part of the heart secretes pericardial fluid lubricant

Answer 7

epicardium/ visceral serous pericardium

Question 8

what is the space called between the parietal serous pericardium and the visceral serous pericardium

Answer 8

pericardium cavity (contains a bit of pericardial fluid)

Question 9

what is it called if the pericardial cavity fills with blood

Answer 9

Haemopericardium

Question 10

what condition is caused if the pericardial cavity fills with blood and causes pressure around the heart that prevents cardiac contraction

Answer 10

cardiac tamponade

Question 11

what is Pericardiocentesis

Answer 11

Drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity
aka a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the pericardial cavity

Question 12

a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the pericardial cavity is called a …

Answer 12

pericardiocentesis

Question 13

where is the needle inserted

Answer 13

infrasternal (subcostal) angle

Question 14

where is the transverse pericardial sinus located

Answer 14

behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk and infront of the superior vena cava

Question 15

name a passage within the pericardial cavity

Answer 15

transverse pericardial sinus

Question 16

what is the transverse pericardial sinus used for and by whom

Answer 16

surgeons. To identify and isolate the great vessels in order to safely commence cardiopulmonary bypass (for open heart surgery)

Question 17

name the great vessels

Answer 17

aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk (2x arteries), pulmonary veins

Question 18

name the heart surfaces

Answer 18

anterior
base (posterior)
inferior (diaphragmatic)

Question 19

name the heart borders

Answer 19

left
right
inferior
superior

Question 20

where is the apex

Answer 20

bottom to the left

Question 21

where do you palpate the apex beat of the heart

Answer 21

5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line (mitral area)

Question 22

what acts as an indicator/surface marking for the tricuspid valve (boundary between right ventricle and right atrium)

Answer 22

the coronary groove

Question 23

what indicates the boundary between the 2 ventricles

Answer 23

the LAD/anterior interventricular artery AND the anterior interventricular groove

Question 24

coronary arteries arise from what vessel

Answer 24

ascending aorta

Question 25

name the coronary arteries and their branches

Answer 25

- right coronary -right marginal -posterior interventricular -lateral (diagonal) branch -left marginal -Left anterior descending -artery (LAD)/ anterior interventricular -circumflex -left (main stem) coronary

Question 26

what is the coronary sinus

Answer 26

a short venous conduit (in the atrioventricular groove posteriorly) which receives the deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains them into the right atrium

Question 27

where is the interatrial groove

Answer 27

between the LA and the RA

Question 28

what divides the heart into a left and right side

Answer 28

a septum (internal wall)

Question 29

name the two parts of the the septum

Answer 29

interatrial septum (between the two atria) interventricular septum (between the two ventricles)

Question 30

what is a septal defect

Answer 30

a hole in the septum

Question 31

what does a septal defect allow

Answer 31

mixing of arterial and venous blood which reduces the blood oxygen content of systemic arterial blood in the aorta

Question 32

a reduction of the blood oxygen content of systemic arterial blood in the aorta is called what

Answer 32

hypoxaemia