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First Year med - dundee > C11. Anatomy - of the heart > Flashcards

C11. Anatomy - of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

what is the root of the lung also called

A

Hilum

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2
Q

what runs anteriorly to the hilum to the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerves

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3
Q

what runs posteriorly to the hilum to the diaphragm

A

vagus nerve

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4
Q

what is the Fibrous Tissue coating that encapsulates the heart called

A

the pericardium

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5
Q

what lines the pericardium internally

A

parietal serous pericardium

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6
Q

whats the other term for epicardium

A

Visceral serous pericardium

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7
Q

which part of the heart secretes pericardial fluid lubricant

A

epicardium/ visceral serous pericardium

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8
Q

what is the space called between the parietal serous pericardium and the visceral serous pericardium

A

pericardium cavity (contains a bit of pericardial fluid)

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9
Q

what is it called if the pericardial cavity fills with blood

A

Haemopericardium

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10
Q

what condition is caused if the pericardial cavity fills with blood and causes pressure around the heart that prevents cardiac contraction

A

cardiac tamponade

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11
Q

what is Pericardiocentesis

A

Drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity
aka a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the pericardial cavity

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12
Q

a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the pericardial cavity is called a …

A

pericardiocentesis

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13
Q

where is the needle inserted

A

infrasternal (subcostal) angle

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14
Q

where is the transverse pericardial sinus located

A

behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk and infront of the superior vena cava

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15
Q

name a passage within the pericardial cavity

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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16
Q

what is the transverse pericardial sinus used for and by whom

A

surgeons. To identify and isolate the great vessels in order to safely commence cardiopulmonary bypass (for open heart surgery)

17
Q

name the great vessels

A

aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk (2x arteries), pulmonary veins

18
Q

name the heart surfaces

A

anterior
base (posterior)
inferior (diaphragmatic)

19
Q

name the heart borders

A

left
right
inferior
superior

20
Q

where is the apex

A

bottom to the left

21
Q

where do you palpate the apex beat of the heart

A

5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line (mitral area)

22
Q

what acts as an indicator/surface marking for the tricuspid valve (boundary between right ventricle and right atrium)

A

the coronary groove

23
Q

what indicates the boundary between the 2 ventricles

A

the LAD/anterior interventricular artery AND the anterior interventricular groove

24
Q

coronary arteries arise from what vessel

A

ascending aorta

25
Q

name the coronary arteries and their branches

A
  • right coronary
    -right marginal
    -posterior interventricular
    -lateral (diagonal) branch
    -left marginal
    -Left anterior descending -artery (LAD)/ anterior interventricular
    -circumflex
    -left (main stem) coronary
26
Q

what is the coronary sinus

A

a short venous conduit (in the atrioventricular groove posteriorly) which receives the deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains them into the right atrium

27
Q

where is the interatrial groove

A

between the LA and the RA

28
Q

what divides the heart into a left and right side

A

a septum (internal wall)

29
Q

name the two parts of the the septum

A

interatrial septum (between the two atria)
interventricular septum (between the two ventricles)

30
Q

what is a septal defect

A

a hole in the septum

31
Q

what does a septal defect allow

A

mixing of arterial and venous blood which reduces the blood oxygen content of systemic arterial blood in the aorta

32
Q

a reduction of the blood oxygen content of systemic arterial blood in the aorta is called what

A

hypoxaemia

First Year med - dundee (54 decks)

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