8G. Anatomy of Jaundice Flashcards
what does jaundice look like on a patient
yellowing of skin and eyes can occur
why might someone get jaundice
liver infection- cirrhosis, hepatitis,
Alcoholism
gallstones
sickle cell anemia
cancer of gallbladder or pancreas
what is the normal by product of the breakdown of red blood cells
Bilirubin
what is bilirubin
the normal by product from the breakdown of red blood cells
where do red blood cells mainly get broken down
spleen
bilirubin is used to form ‘…..’ and where
bile
liver
what structure has the role of storage and concentration of bile
gallbladder
what does bile travel through
biliary tree
what does the biliary tree connect
the liver to the second part of the duodenum
bile is important for the normal absorption of what from the small intestine
fats
what organ excretes digestive enzymes into the 2nd part of the duodenum
pancreas
the bile duct drains into the second part of the duodenum with what
the main pancreatic duct
where is the liver in the body
upper right quadrant
below diaphragm
in front of and above the gallbladder
above the hepatic flexure
in front of the right kidney
IVC and aorta run behind the liver
the liver is a major ……. organ
metabolic
why is the liver considered a major metabolic organ
converts bilirubin to bile
which ribs protects the liver
7-11
how many segments of a liver are there
4
name the 4 liver segments
right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
why is the caudate lobe got its name
its a J shape
how many functional segments does the liver have
8
what does each of the 8 functional liver segments have
own blood supply (hepatic artery and vein), venous drainage and bile drainage
Because each of the 8 functional liver segments has their own blood supply (hepatic artery and vein), venous drainage and bile drainage. what does this make possible
hepatic segmentectomy
venous drainage from the liver is via how many main hepatic veins and where do they give the blood to
3
Inferior vena cava
what do hepatic arteries do
supplies oxygen rich blood
what do hepatic portal veins do
bring nutrient rich blood from GI tract
what do biliary ducts do
drains bile produced by hepatocytes
what is in a liver lobule
central vein, interlobular portal triad, bile canaliculi, sinusoids
what is in the interlobular triad
HA, HPV, biliary duct
what are biliary canaliculi’s
channels between hepatocytes that transport bile to the bilary ducts in the portal triad
what is a sinusoid
capillary-like spaces that go from the portal triad to the central vein
what are sinusoids lined with
hepatocytes
what are the 2 important areas of the peritoneal cavity related to to the liver
subphrenic recess
Hepatorenal recess
what is the hepatorenal recess also called
morisons pouch
what can lead to an abscess formation in these recesses
peritonitis due to a collection of pus
what are both the subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses within
the greater sac
where does the IVC get the cleaned blood from
hepatic veins
where does the IVC drain
right atrium
where does the hepatic portal vein get its blood from
fore-mid and hind gut and take sit to liver for cleaning
what are the names of the ligaments on the liver that attach it to the diaphagm
the coronary ligaments
what are the names of the ligaments on the liver that attach it to the anterior abdominal wall
falciform ligament
what are the names of the ligaments on the liver that are remnants of the embryological umbilical vein
ligamentum teres/ round ligament
where can you find the portal triad
free edge of the lesser omentum
what does the portal triad consist of
hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
(also has nerves and lymphatics)
what does the portal triad do
gives blood supply to and drainage to the liver
where can you find the gall bladder
posterior aspect of liver - often firmly attached
bile flows in and out of the gallbladder via what
cystic duct
what is the blood supply for the gall bladder
cystic artery
what is cystic artery the branch from
hepatic artery (right) in 75% of people
explain the route of bile near starting with the right hepatic duct…
R + L hepatic duct unites to form common hepatic duct.
Common hepatic duct unites with cystic duct to form the Bile duct (common bile duct).
This drains into the 2nd part of duodenum
explain the route of the bile duct
bile duct descends posteriorly to the 1st section of the duodenum and travels down in a groove on the posterior aspect of the pancreas.
Joins with the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater and they both drain into the second duodenum through the duodenal papilla
the pancreatic duct and the bile duct join to form what
the ampulla of vater
when the two ducts form the ampulla of vater, they both drain into the second duodenum through what structure
duodenal papilla
what are anatomical sphincters
discrete areas of specialized muscles that encircle the lumen of various tracts controlling the passage of substances
what are the 3 sphincters in the duodenum/pancreas/gallbladder region
bile duct sphincter
pancreatic duct sphincter
sphincter of oddi
what are the parts of the pancreas
head
neck
body
tail
Uncinate process
where is the pancreas
retroperitoneal organ
lies traversely across the posterior abdomen
what lies superposteriorly to the pancreas
splenic vessels
blood vessel runs down on the anterior surface of the pancreas
superior pancreatic duodenal artery
what artery runs transversly across the anterior surface of the pancreas to join the superior mesenteric artery
inferior pancreatic duodenal artery
what does the small intestines consist of
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
which parts of the small intestine are fore,mid and hindgut
foregut - 1st and second part of the duodenum
rest is midgut
how many parts are there of the duodenum
4
name the 4 parts of the duodenum
superior (duodenal cap), descending, horizontal, ascending
where does the duodenum start
pyloric sphincter
if someone has pain in their epistatic region what is it likely to be
duodenal ulcer
if someone has a duodenal ulcer where are they likely to feel pain
epistatic region
what blood supply does the small intestine get
Close relationship to pancreas so similarities in blood supply
Gastroduodenal artery
Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
how long is the jejunum
3m
how long is the Ileum
4m
which quadrants are the ileum and jejunum found
all
where does the jejunum begin
duodenaljejunal flexure
where does ileum end
ileocaecal junction
does the mucosa differ in ileum and jejunum
yes
what is the mesentry
The mesentery is a fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall. It is a type of peritoneum
what is a mucosa folding characteristic of the jejunum
highly folded
what are the folds in the jejunum called
pilcae cicularis
what are the mucosa characteristics of the Ileum
distal ileum much smoother
what is the arterial blood supply for ileum and jejunum
superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries
what is the venous drainage for ileum and jejunum
jejunal and ileal veins to superior mesenteric vein to hepatic portal vein
where do the blood vessels travel within (the ileum and jejunum vessels btw)
the mesentery
