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First Year > 8G. Anatomy of Jaundice > Flashcards

8G. Anatomy of Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

what does jaundice look like on a patient

A

yellowing of skin and eyes can occur

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2
Q

why might someone get jaundice

A

liver infection- cirrhosis, hepatitis,
Alcoholism
gallstones
sickle cell anemia
cancer of gallbladder or pancreas

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3
Q

what is the normal by product of the breakdown of red blood cells

A

Bilirubin

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4
Q

what is bilirubin

A

the normal by product from the breakdown of red blood cells

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5
Q

where do red blood cells mainly get broken down

A

spleen

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6
Q

bilirubin is used to form ‘…..’ and where

A

bile
liver

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7
Q

what structure has the role of storage and concentration of bile

A

gallbladder

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8
Q

what does bile travel through

A

biliary tree

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9
Q

what does the biliary tree connect

A

the liver to the second part of the duodenum

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10
Q

bile is important for the normal absorption of what from the small intestine

A

fats

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11
Q

what organ excretes digestive enzymes into the 2nd part of the duodenum

A

pancreas

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12
Q

the bile duct drains into the second part of the duodenum with what

A

the main pancreatic duct

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13
Q

where is the liver in the body

A

upper right quadrant

below diaphragm

in front of and above the gallbladder

above the hepatic flexure

in front of the right kidney

IVC and aorta run behind the liver

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14
Q

the liver is a major ……. organ

A

metabolic

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15
Q

why is the liver considered a major metabolic organ

A

converts bilirubin to bile

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16
Q

which ribs protects the liver

A

7-11

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17
Q

how many segments of a liver are there

A

4

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18
Q

name the 4 liver segments

A

right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

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19
Q

why is the caudate lobe got its name

A

its a J shape

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20
Q

how many functional segments does the liver have

A

8

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21
Q

what does each of the 8 functional liver segments have

A

own blood supply (hepatic artery and vein), venous drainage and bile drainage

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22
Q

Because each of the 8 functional liver segments has their own blood supply (hepatic artery and vein), venous drainage and bile drainage. what does this make possible

A

hepatic segmentectomy

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23
Q

venous drainage from the liver is via how many main hepatic veins and where do they give the blood to

A

3
Inferior vena cava

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24
Q

what do hepatic arteries do

A

supplies oxygen rich blood

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25
what do hepatic portal veins do
bring nutrient rich blood from GI tract
26
what do biliary ducts do
drains bile produced by hepatocytes
27
what is in a liver lobule
central vein, interlobular portal triad, bile canaliculi, sinusoids
28
what is in the interlobular triad
HA, HPV, biliary duct
29
what are biliary canaliculi's
channels between hepatocytes that transport bile to the bilary ducts in the portal triad
30
what is a sinusoid
capillary-like spaces that go from the portal triad to the central vein
31
what are sinusoids lined with
hepatocytes
32
what are the 2 important areas of the peritoneal cavity related to to the liver
subphrenic recess Hepatorenal recess
33
what is the hepatorenal recess also called
morisons pouch
34
what can lead to an abscess formation in these recesses
peritonitis due to a collection of pus
35
what are both the subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses within
the greater sac
36
where does the IVC get the cleaned blood from
hepatic veins
37
where does the IVC drain
right atrium
38
where does the hepatic portal vein get its blood from
fore-mid and hind gut and take sit to liver for cleaning
39
what are the names of the ligaments on the liver that attach it to the diaphagm
the coronary ligaments
40
what are the names of the ligaments on the liver that attach it to the anterior abdominal wall
falciform ligament
41
what are the names of the ligaments on the liver that are remnants of the embryological umbilical vein
ligamentum teres/ round ligament
42
where can you find the portal triad
free edge of the lesser omentum
43
what does the portal triad consist of
hepatic artery hepatic portal vein common bile duct (also has nerves and lymphatics)
44
what does the portal triad do
gives blood supply to and drainage to the liver
45
where can you find the gall bladder
posterior aspect of liver - often firmly attached
46
bile flows in and out of the gallbladder via what
cystic duct
47
what is the blood supply for the gall bladder
cystic artery
48
what is cystic artery the branch from
hepatic artery (right) in 75% of people
49
explain the route of bile near starting with the right hepatic duct...
R + L hepatic duct unites to form common hepatic duct. Common hepatic duct unites with cystic duct to form the Bile duct (common bile duct). This drains into the 2nd part of duodenum
50
explain the route of the bile duct
bile duct descends posteriorly to the 1st section of the duodenum and travels down in a groove on the posterior aspect of the pancreas. Joins with the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater and they both drain into the second duodenum through the duodenal papilla
51
the pancreatic duct and the bile duct join to form what
the ampulla of vater
52
when the two ducts form the ampulla of vater, they both drain into the second duodenum through what structure
duodenal papilla
53
what are anatomical sphincters
discrete areas of specialized muscles that encircle the lumen of various tracts controlling the passage of substances
54
what are the 3 sphincters in the duodenum/pancreas/gallbladder region
bile duct sphincter pancreatic duct sphincter sphincter of oddi
55
what are the parts of the pancreas
head neck body tail Uncinate process
56
where is the pancreas
retroperitoneal organ lies traversely across the posterior abdomen
57
what lies superposteriorly to the pancreas
splenic vessels
58
blood vessel runs down on the anterior surface of the pancreas
superior pancreatic duodenal artery
59
what artery runs transversly across the anterior surface of the pancreas to join the superior mesenteric artery
inferior pancreatic duodenal artery
60
what does the small intestines consist of
duodenum jejunum ileum
61
which parts of the small intestine are fore,mid and hindgut
foregut - 1st and second part of the duodenum rest is midgut
62
how many parts are there of the duodenum
4
63
name the 4 parts of the duodenum
superior (duodenal cap), descending, horizontal, ascending
64
where does the duodenum start
pyloric sphincter
65
if someone has pain in their epistatic region what is it likely to be
duodenal ulcer
66
if someone has a duodenal ulcer where are they likely to feel pain
epistatic region
67
what blood supply does the small intestine get
Close relationship to pancreas so similarities in blood supply Gastroduodenal artery Superior pancreaticoduodenal Superior mesenteric artery Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
68
how long is the jejunum
3m
69
how long is the Ileum
4m
70
which quadrants are the ileum and jejunum found
all
71
where does the jejunum begin
duodenaljejunal flexure
72
where does ileum end
ileocaecal junction
73
does the mucosa differ in ileum and jejunum
yes
74
what is the mesentry
The mesentery is a fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall. It is a type of peritoneum
75
what is a mucosa folding characteristic of the jejunum
highly folded
76
what are the folds in the jejunum called
pilcae cicularis
77
what are the mucosa characteristics of the Ileum
distal ileum much smoother
78
what is the arterial blood supply for ileum and jejunum
superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries
79
what is the venous drainage for ileum and jejunum
jejunal and ileal veins to superior mesenteric vein to hepatic portal vein
80
where do the blood vessels travel within (the ileum and jejunum vessels btw)
the mesentery

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