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First Year med - dundee > 9. Circulatory System > Flashcards

9. Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 fluids are in the circulatory system

A

Blood and lymph

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2
Q

what does the circulatory system do?

A

transports fluid (blood and lymph), distributes gases and molecules, chemical signalling, mediates inflammation and defense response, carries waste product from cells.

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3
Q

what 2 systems are in the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic

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4
Q

what are the 3 main components of the cardiovascular systems

A

arterial system, heart and venous system

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5
Q

the heart acts as what…

A

the pump

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6
Q

arteries carry blood where

A

away from the heart

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7
Q

veins carry blood where

A

towards the heart

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8
Q

what are the main 2 types of circulation in the CVS

A

pulmonary and systemic

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9
Q

name the order of the pulmonary system

A

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk which splits in to pulmonary arteries (x2), lungs, pulmonary veins(4), left atrium

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10
Q

Name the order of the systemic system

A

left ventricle, aorta, capillary bed, vena cavae (x2)(superior and inferior)

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11
Q

how many layers does the heart have

A

3

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12
Q

name the 3 layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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13
Q

which layer is the epicardium of the heart

A

outer layer

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14
Q

what surrounds the epicardium

A

pericardium

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15
Q

what is the middle layer of the heart called

A

myocardium

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16
Q

what is the myocardium made of

A

muscle

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17
Q

what is the internal layer of the heart called

A

endocardium

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18
Q

the endocardium is continuous with…

A

tunica intima of blood vessels connecting with heart

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19
Q

how many chambers in the heart

A

4

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20
Q

which chambers hold deoxygenated blood

A

right atrium and ventricle

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21
Q

which chamber is on the posterior surface of the heart

A

left atrium

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22
Q

which chamber is on the anterior surface of the heart

A

right ventricle

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23
Q

name the large blood vessels of the heart

A

superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta

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24
Q

what do valves ensure

A

uni-directional blood flow

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25
Q

how many valves in the heart

A

4

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26
Q

name the 2 atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid and Mitral(bicuspid)

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27
Q

tricuspid valve is where

A

between right Atrium and Ventricle

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28
Q

name the 2 valves which are at the ventricle and leaving vessel

A

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

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29
Q

where does an electrical impulse start in the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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30
Q

impulse travels from sinoatrial node to where

A

AV node

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31
Q

where is the AV node

A

atrioventricular septum

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32
Q

after the impulse gets to the AV node at the AV septum where does it go

A

right and left bundles at the interventricular septum

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33
Q

how does the impulse spread from the interventricular septum to the myocardium

A

conducting fibers causing both ventricles to contract

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34
Q

Blood vessels have how many layers

A

3

35
Q

name the blood vessel layers

A

tunica- intima, media, adventitia

36
Q

what is the tunica intima layer

A

endothelium

37
Q

what is the tunica media layer

A

smooth muscle and elastic

38
Q

what is the tunica adventitia layer

A

connective tissue

39
Q

which part of a blood vessel varies the most

A

tunica media

40
Q

tunica media is thicker in which blood vessels and why

A

arteries, they carry blood at high pressure

41
Q

arteries give rise to what structure

A

arterioles

42
Q

what shape is arteries lumen

A

round

43
Q

arteries carry oxygenated blood apart from which artery

A

pulmonary artery

44
Q

usually part of a NVB. what is NVB

A

neurovascular bundle

45
Q

do arteries divide

A

yes

46
Q

what is the terminology of arteries dividing

A

bifurcate or trifurcate/ split into branches

47
Q

when an artery is termed as ‘common’ or ‘trunk’ what does this indicate

A

division

48
Q

what part of the heart cycle does the aorta receive blood

A

systole

49
Q

what do the walls do to accommodate the high pressure blood

A

elastic walls expand

50
Q

elastic recoil maintains what

A

peripheral flow during diastole

51
Q

how many parts in the aorta

A

4

52
Q

name the 4 parts of the aorta

A

ascending, arch, descending thoracic, descending abdominal

53
Q

the arch of the aorta divides into how many branches

A

3

54
Q

name the 3 aorta arch branches

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

55
Q

the brachiocephalic trunk is where and splits into what

A

head and neck, right common carotid artery and right subclavian

56
Q

where does the left subclavian artery branch to

A

thoracic and abdominal organs

57
Q

the left subclavian artery becomes….

A

left axillary artery

58
Q

left axillary artery becomes….

A

left brachial artery

59
Q

brachial artery bifurcates anterior to elbow joint into 2 branches what are they called

A

left radial artery and left ulnar artery

60
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates to become what

A

common iliac arteries

61
Q

common iliac arteries bifurcate to become….

A

internal and external iliac arteries

62
Q

internal iliac arteries supply which area

A

pelvis and perineum

63
Q

external iliac artery supplies …

A

lower limb

64
Q

Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the neck

A

carotid pulse

65
Q

Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the anterior to elbow joint

A

brachial pulse

66
Q

Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the palmar of the wrist

A

radial pulse

67
Q

Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse which is the continuation of external iliac artery

A

femoral artery

68
Q

Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse posterior to knee joint

A

popliteal artery

69
Q

what is an anastomoses

A

communication between arteries like alternative pathways

70
Q

what is an anastomoses in the brain

A

circle of willis

71
Q

what is the name of the arteries that are the only supply to a given area

A

end arteries

72
Q

give an example of an end artery

A

coronary artery

73
Q

what are venae comitanates

A

small veins that run in parallel or with arteries

74
Q

veins can either be deep or …..

A

superficial

75
Q

what are the 2 venous systems

A

portal and systemic

76
Q

what is the systemic venous system

A

drains blood from other organs into the inferior and superior vena cava

77
Q

what is the portal venous system

A

drains blood from GI Tract and associated organs to the liver

78
Q

how many layers of endothelium cells are in capillaries

A

single layer

79
Q

lymphatic vessels carry lymph through what

A

lymph nodes

80
Q

lymphatic fluid contains what to fight infection and cancer

A

WBCs

81
Q

where is lymph returned when collected from the right quadrant of the body in the right lymphatic duct

A

right venous angle

82
Q

what is the biggest lymph vessel

A

lymphatic duct

83
Q

all the lymph in 3/4 of the body is transported where

A

left venous angle

First Year med - dundee (41 decks)

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