9. Circulatory System Flashcards
What 2 fluids are in the circulatory system
Blood and lymph
what does the circulatory system do?
transports fluid (blood and lymph), distributes gases and molecules, chemical signalling, mediates inflammation and defense response, carries waste product from cells.
what 2 systems are in the circulatory system
cardiovascular and lymphatic
what are the 3 main components of the cardiovascular systems
arterial system, heart and venous system
the heart acts as what…
the pump
arteries carry blood where
away from the heart
veins carry blood where
towards the heart
what are the main 2 types of circulation in the CVS
pulmonary and systemic
name the order of the pulmonary system
right ventricle, pulmonary trunk which splits in to pulmonary arteries (x2), lungs, pulmonary veins(4), left atrium
Name the order of the systemic system
left ventricle, aorta, capillary bed, vena cavae (x2)(superior and inferior)
how many layers does the heart have
3
name the 3 layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
which layer is the epicardium of the heart
outer layer
what surrounds the epicardium
pericardium
what is the middle layer of the heart called
myocardium
what is the myocardium made of
muscle
what is the internal layer of the heart called
endocardium
the endocardium is continuous with…
tunica intima of blood vessels connecting with heart
how many chambers in the heart
4
which chambers hold deoxygenated blood
right atrium and ventricle
which chamber is on the posterior surface of the heart
left atrium
which chamber is on the anterior surface of the heart
right ventricle
name the large blood vessels of the heart
superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, aorta
what do valves ensure
uni-directional blood flow
how many valves in the heart
4
name the 2 atrioventricular valves
tricuspid and Mitral(bicuspid)
tricuspid valve is where
between right Atrium and Ventricle
name the 2 valves which are at the ventricle and leaving vessel
pulmonary valve and aortic valve
where does an electrical impulse start in the heart
sinoatrial node
impulse travels from sinoatrial node to where
AV node
where is the AV node
atrioventricular septum
after the impulse gets to the AV node at the AV septum where does it go
right and left bundles at the interventricular septum
how does the impulse spread from the interventricular septum to the myocardium
conducting fibers causing both ventricles to contract
Blood vessels have how many layers
3
name the blood vessel layers
tunica- intima, media, adventitia
what is the tunica intima layer
endothelium
what is the tunica media layer
smooth muscle and elastic
what is the tunica adventitia layer
connective tissue
which part of a blood vessel varies the most
tunica media
tunica media is thicker in which blood vessels and why
arteries, they carry blood at high pressure
arteries give rise to what structure
arterioles
what shape is arteries lumen
round
arteries carry oxygenated blood apart from which artery
pulmonary artery
usually part of a NVB. what is NVB
neurovascular bundle
do arteries divide
yes
what is the terminology of arteries dividing
bifurcate or trifurcate/ split into branches
when an artery is termed as ‘common’ or ‘trunk’ what does this indicate
division
what part of the heart cycle does the aorta receive blood
systole
what do the walls do to accommodate the high pressure blood
elastic walls expand
elastic recoil maintains what
peripheral flow during diastole
how many parts in the aorta
4
name the 4 parts of the aorta
ascending, arch, descending thoracic, descending abdominal
the arch of the aorta divides into how many branches
3
name the 3 aorta arch branches
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
the brachiocephalic trunk is where and splits into what
head and neck, right common carotid artery and right subclavian
where does the left subclavian artery branch to
thoracic and abdominal organs
the left subclavian artery becomes….
left axillary artery
left axillary artery becomes….
left brachial artery
brachial artery bifurcates anterior to elbow joint into 2 branches what are they called
left radial artery and left ulnar artery
the abdominal aorta bifurcates to become what
common iliac arteries
common iliac arteries bifurcate to become….
internal and external iliac arteries
internal iliac arteries supply which area
pelvis and perineum
external iliac artery supplies …
lower limb
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the neck
carotid pulse
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the anterior to elbow joint
brachial pulse
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse in the palmar of the wrist
radial pulse
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse which is the continuation of external iliac artery
femoral artery
Peripheral pulses. What is the name of the pulse posterior to knee joint
popliteal artery
what is an anastomoses
communication between arteries like alternative pathways
what is an anastomoses in the brain
circle of willis
what is the name of the arteries that are the only supply to a given area
end arteries
give an example of an end artery
coronary artery
what are venae comitanates
small veins that run in parallel or with arteries
veins can either be deep or …..
superficial
what are the 2 venous systems
portal and systemic
what is the systemic venous system
drains blood from other organs into the inferior and superior vena cava
what is the portal venous system
drains blood from GI Tract and associated organs to the liver
how many layers of endothelium cells are in capillaries
single layer
lymphatic vessels carry lymph through what
lymph nodes
lymphatic fluid contains what to fight infection and cancer
WBCs
where is lymph returned when collected from the right quadrant of the body in the right lymphatic duct
right venous angle
what is the biggest lymph vessel
lymphatic duct
all the lymph in 3/4 of the body is transported where
left venous angle
