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First Year med - dundee > 35. Intro to immunity part 4 > Flashcards

35. Intro to immunity part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

tell me about the adaptive/acquired immmune response eg. time, cells etc.

A

slower response (days)
immunological memory
specific
B cells and T cells (Th and Tc)

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2
Q

where do B cells mature

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

what type of adaptive immune response are B cells important in

A

humoral immune response

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4
Q

what do B cells produce

A

antibodies

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5
Q

primary lymphoid tissue is what and what is it the site of

A

thymus and bone marrow
It is the site of leukocyte development

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6
Q

Secondary lymphoid tissue is what and what is it the site of

A

spleen, lymph nodes and MALT
site where adaptive immune response initiated

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7
Q

antibodies/immunoglobulins are produced by which cells

A

B cells and plasma cells

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8
Q

do antibodies bind specifically

A

yes

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of chains on an antibody

A

heavy and light

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10
Q

unlike B cells, T cells can only recognise …… antigens

A

peptide

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11
Q

what are the 2 types of chain on a T cell antigen receptor

A

alpha and beta

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12
Q

T cells can ONLY recognise peptide antigens presented to their TCRs by what molecules

A

MHC molecules

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13
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules
Also referred to as …..

A

HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigens)

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14
Q

what are the 2 major classes of MHC

A

I and II

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15
Q

Class I MHC present to which T cells

A

CD8+T cells

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16
Q

Class II MHC present to which T cells

A

CD4+ T cells

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17
Q

where do T cells mature

A

Thymus

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18
Q

what are Naive T cells

A

never been activated

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19
Q

can macrophages present to Naive T cells

A

NO

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20
Q
  • Naive T Cells and B Cells use the process of Transendothelial Migration to enter Lymph Nodes from where
A

High Endothelial Venules (HEV

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21
Q

TNFa stimulates Dendritic Cells to digest ingested proteins and display small peptides derived from these on their cell surface in complex aka what, to go an present to T cells

A

MHC-I and MHC-II molecules

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22
Q

Once activated, B cells clonally proliferate and differentiate into two different types of effector cells:

A

Plasma cells and memory B cells

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23
Q

after B cells are activated and proliferate into Plasma cells and memory B cells. what do those two do

A
  • Plasma cells - produce and secrete soluble, antigen-specific antibodies
    • Memory B cells - long lived cells that continue to circulate around the body
24
Q

B cells need to receive how many signals to become fully activated and clonally proliferate in response to protein antigens

A

2

25
Q

B cells need to receive two signals to become fully activated and clonally proliferate in response to protein antigens. what are the 2 signals

A
  1. Antigen
  2. ‘Helping’ signal (co-stimulation)
    i think from a Th cell
26
Q

I’m putting this in for extra info on the differentiation into plasma cells

A

B cells -> plasma cells -> antigen specific antibodies -> go to bind to pathogen

27
Q

initially what low affinity antibody is secreted and then after B cells mutate they switch to high affinity antibody….?

A

IgM to IgG

28
Q

what is it called when you change the antibody

A

class switching

29
Q

B cells present MCH II to present to Tfh Cells. what are Tfc cells and what is their main function

A

T follicular helper cells which stimulate the B cells germinal centre to start to proliferate, differentiate and secrete antibodies

30
Q

T follicular helper cells are a subset of what

A

CD4+ helper T cells

31
Q

on an antibody, what is the top section comprised of

A

constant and variable regions

32
Q

on an antibody, what is the bottom section comprised of

A

contains only constant regions

33
Q

the constant regions on an antibody determines what

A

the class and mediates the immune interactions

34
Q

the variable regions on an antibody determines what

A

the unique regions for binding specific antigens

35
Q

the top part of the antibody structure is called

A

Fab

36
Q

the bottom part of the antibody is called the

A

Fc

37
Q

name the types of chains on an antibody and where

A

heavy and light - heavy is the bottom part and the inside bottom part of the top part. the light chain is the outside bottom part of the top part

38
Q

which Ig is pentameric

A

IgM

39
Q

what does IgM do

A

present in plasma and secretory fluids and cause Agglutination (Immune complex formation)and complement system activation - classical pathway

40
Q

which class presents to CD8+

A

MCH I

41
Q

which class presents to CD4+

A

MCH II

42
Q

what is the most abundant antibody in the plasma

A

IgG

43
Q

what Ig is second most abundent in the plasma

A

IgA

44
Q

what antibody is the second to respond in an immune response

A

IgG

45
Q

what is the function of IgG

A

dominant type during secondary response and foetal immunity (placental transfer), complement activation, NK cell activation, neutalisation

46
Q

which antibody is in mucus and breast milk

A

IgA

47
Q

describe the function of IgA

A

monomer in serum
dimer in secretory fluid
neonatal defense
in breast milk, mucus and tears

48
Q

what does IgD do

A

monomer
B cell activation

49
Q

describe the properties of IgE

A

monomer
least abundent
produced in allergic response

50
Q

what antibody is produced in response to allergy

A

IgE

51
Q

which antibodies are involved in opsinisation

A

IgG and IgM

52
Q

CD4+ TH1 cells secrete

A

IL-2 and IFNy (cytokines)

53
Q

macrophages secrete what IL

A

IL1

54
Q

TH2 cells secrete what

A

IL 4,5 and 6 whic promotes B cell rolifertation

55
Q

name a cytotoxic T cell

A

CD8+

56
Q

what do CD8+ T cells do

A

activated by MHC I
kill virally infected cells

57
Q

which cells kill protozoa

A

eosinophils

First Year med - dundee (41 decks)

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