84R. Pandemic Flashcards
define epidemic
a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific area
define endemic
a disease that is consistently present at a baseline level
define pandemic
an epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents usually affecting a large amount of people
what makes covid and influenza high risk for future pandemics
both have a high transmission rate and can spread through respiratory droplets
covid- can spread through close contacts and has potential for severe illness
influenza - high mutation rate and can infect both humans and animals
how are influenza and other respiratory viruses spread
through respiratory droplets and close contact and contaminated surfaces
how are influenza and other respiratory viruses risk managed
vaccination, good hygiene practices and social distancing
how are influenza and other respiratory viruses contained
isolations of infected individuals, quarantine of exposed individuals and contact tracing
what is the population level response to potential pandemic viral stains
public health campaigns, mass vaccination programs, implemented travel restrictions
what is the individual(s) level response to potential pandemic viral stains
personal protective measures like wearing masks, handwashing, avoiding crowded places
describe phase 1 and 2 of WHO stages of pandemic
- no new virus. only seen in animals. risk to humans low
- animal virus. poses a higher risk to human population
describe phase 3 of WHO stages of pandemic
- human infection. no human to human spread
describe phase 4 of WHO stages of pandemic
- limited human to human transmission but spread is highly localised so virus is not well adapted to humans
describe phase 5 of WHO stages of pandemic
human to human spread is increasing. virus becoming better adapted to humans. substantial pandemic risk
describe phase 6 of WHO stages of pandemic
increased and sustained transmission in the general population. Pandemic
