68. Anatomy - structure and function of the nervous system

Question 1

what do nerves do

Answer 1

1. allow us to sense our environment - sensory functions and special senses
2. allow us to respond to the environment aka voluntary - skeletal muscle movement and involuntary - cardiac muscle
3. reflex function

Question 2

what is the split in terms of the nervous system

Answer 2

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

CNS contains….

Answer 3

brain
spinal cord
central controller

Question 4

PNS contains

Answer 4

all other nerve tissue not within the CNS aka
Spinal, Cranial and autonomic nerves

Question 5

name the parts of a neuron

Answer 5

dendrites
body
axon
myelin sheath

Question 6

the collective name of nerve cell bodies differs in CNS vs PNS. what are the terms

Answer 6

CNS- nucleus
PNS- ganglion

Question 7

what are nerves

Answer 7

bundles of axons (nerve fibres) wrapped in connective tissue

Question 8

what are the 6 modalities

Answer 8

• Somatic sensory function
  
  • Somatic motor function
  • Special sensory function
  • Visceral afferent function
  • Sympathetic function
    -Parasympathetic function

Question 9

Describe MOTOR and SENSORY

Answer 9

Motor (efferent): Action potential towards body wall, body cavity or organ
Sensory (afferent): Action potential towards brain

Question 10

how many lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

Answer 10

4

Question 11

name the 4 lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

Answer 11

occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal

Question 12

what is the outermost layer of the brain called

Answer 12

Cerebral cortex

Question 13

the cortex has many folds. What are the grooves called

Answer 13

sulci (sing. sulcus)

Question 14

the cortex has many folds. What are the raised parts called

Answer 14

gyri (sing. gyrus)

Question 15

how many cranial nerves are there

Answer 15

12 pairs

Question 16

what is the way to remember cranial nerves

Answer 16

Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH

Question 17

name the three Oh Oh Ohs

Answer 17

1. Olfactory 2.Optic 3. Oculomotor

Question 18

name - To Touch And Feel

Answer 18

4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducent 7. Facial

Question 19

name - Very Good Velvet

Answer 19

8. Vestibulocochlear 9. Glossopharyngeal 10.Vagus

Question 20

name the AH

Answer 20

11.spinal Accessory nerve 12.Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 21

name the 3 cranial fossae

Answer 21

Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Question 22

name the CN1 foraminae

Answer 22

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 23

name the CN2 foraminae

Answer 23

Optic canal

Question 24

CN III, IV, V1, VI foraminae?

Answer 24

Superior Orbital fissure

Question 25

CN V2 foraminae?

Answer 25

foramen rotundum

Question 26

CN V3 foraminae?

Answer 26

foramen ovale

Question 27

CN VII, VIII foraminae?

Answer 27

internal acoustic meatus

Question 28

CN IX, X, XI foraminae?

Answer 28

Jugular Foramen

Question 29

CN XII foraminae?

Answer 29

Hypoglossal canal

Question 30

what is the foramen at the base of the skull connecting the spinal cord

Answer 30

foramen magnum

Question 31

how many segments of the spinal cord

Answer 31

4

Question 32

name the segments of the spinal cord

Answer 32

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral/coccygeal

Question 33

spinal cord is protected by what

Answer 33

vertebral canal

Question 34

where are the 2 enlargements in the spinal cord

Answer 34

cervical
lumbosacral

Question 35

name how many of each on the spinal cord eg C1-C? and T1-T?

Answer 35

8 cervical - C1-C8
12 thoracic - T1-T12
5 lumbar - L1-L5
5 sacral - S1-S5
1 coccygeal - Co

Question 36

where does the spinal cord end and what is that called

Answer 36

L1/L2 IV disc level - CONUS MEDULLARIS

Question 37

which is longer. the spinal cord or rhe vertebral column

Answer 37

vertebral column

Question 38

lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots have to descend in the vertebral canal to their respective intervertebral foraminae this is called

Answer 38

cauda equina (horse’s tail)

Question 39

Spinal nerves are named according to the vertebrae ……. it
except in the cervical region, where they are named according to the vertebrae ………it

for example…

Answer 39

above….below
C8 spinal nerve exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae

Question 40

spinal nerves supply the….

Answer 40

soma (body wall)

Question 41

spinal nerves are located only within the….

Answer 41

intervertebral foramina

Question 42

From the intervertebral foramina they connect with

Answer 42

-structures of the soma via rami
-the spinal cord via roots and rootlets