80. VIRAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS Flashcards
- What do Viruses do to their Host Cells?
- they damage or kill them
- What are four mechanisms in which the Virus can damage or kill their Host Cell?
- Cell Lysis
- Toxin Production
- Toxic Macromolecules
- Inhibition of the host Cell Replicative Machinery
- Define: Cell Lysis.
- this is kill the Host cell
- it happens when Hydrolytic Enzymes are released from
Lysosomes
- Define: Toxin production.
- viruses cause the infected Host Cells to produce toxins
- these lead to disease symptoms in the Host Cell
- Define: Toxic Macromolecules.
VIRUSES CAN HAVE TOXIC MACROMOLECULES
- such as Viral Envelope proteins
- these will harm the Host Cell
VIRUSES ALSO HAVE VIRAL PROTEINS:
- these cause a change in the permeability of the Host
Cell’s Plasma Membrane
- this damages the Host Cell
- In which types of Viruses does Cell Lysis take place?
- Viruses that do not have an envelope
- In which type of Viruses does Toxin Production take place?
- Viruses that do not have an envelope
- Viruses that do have an envelope
- Which type of viruses have toxic macromolecules and viral proteins?
- viruses that have an Envelope
- Which type of viruses inhibit the host cell replication machinery?
- Viruses that do not have an envelope
- Viruses that do have an Envelope
- What are four examples of Double Stranded DNA Viruses (ds DNA)?
- Adenovirus
- non-enveloped - Papovirus
- non-enveloped - Herpesvirus
- enveloped - Poxvirus
- enveloped
- What is one example of a Single Stranded DNA Virus (ss DNA)?
- Parovirus
- no envelope
- What is one example of a Double Stranded RNA Virus (ds RNA)?
- Reovirus
- no envelope
- What are four examples of Single Stranded RNA
(ss RNA) Viruses?
- Picornavirus
- non-enveloped - Coronavirus
- enveloped - Flavivirus
- enveloped - Togavirus
- enveloped
NB:
- these viruses are Positive Sense viruses
- they have a 5’-3’ Orientation
- they run in the same direction as the mRNA
- What are four examples of Single Stranded RNA
(ss RNA) Viruses that is a template for mRNA Synthesis?
- Filovirus
- enveloped - Orthomyxovirus
- enveloped - Paramyxovirus
- enveloped - Rhabdovirus
- enveloped
NB:
- these viruses are Negative Sense viruses
- they have a 3’-5’ Orientation
- they run in the opposite direction of the mRNA
- What is one example of a Single Stranded RNA
(ss RNA) Viruses that is a template for DNA Synthesis?
- RETROVIRUS
- enveloped
- Define: Vaccines.
- these are a form of preventative measure
IT IS WHEN:
- harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes are
injected into the body
- these will stimulate the immune system
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM WILL THEN:
- create a defensive system against the harmful
pathogen
- What do Vaccines commonly consist of?
- dead pathogens
- inactivated pathogens
- the products of dead or inactivated pathogens
THESE PRODUCTS INCLUDE:
- proteins
- nucleic acids
- What can vaccines prevent?
- they can prevent certain viral illnesses
- they can prevent certain bacterial illnesses
- they act as important control measures
- How do vaccines act as important control measures?
- they provide protection from viruses
- viruses cannot be treated by antibiotics
- they can be partially treated by antiviral drugs
- What can be said about the prevention of RNA viruses?
- there cannot be a permanent vaccine for RNA viruses
- there can be no herd immunity built up against them
- this is because they are ever changing
- they also mutate rapidly
EXAMPLE:
- HIV
