48. FLAGELLA

Question 1

1. What is the purpose of Flagella?

Answer 1

• they propel most motile Bacteria

Question 2

2. How are the Flagella placed on the Bacteria?

Answer 2

• they can be scattered about the surface
• they can be concentrated at one or both ends

Question 3

3. What can be said about different Flagella?

Answer 3

THE FLAGELLA OF:
- bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukaryotes
- are composed of different proteins

Question 4

4. What kind of movement do Flagella have?

Answer 4

• they rotate
• they can either go in a Counter Clockwise direction
• or they can go in a Clockwise direction

Question 5

5. What kind of Filaments are Flagella?

Answer 5

• they are Helical Protein Filaments

Question 6

6. What is the size of Flagella?

Answer 6

• they are 3-12 μm long
• they have a diameter of 0.02 μm

Question 7

7. What depends on the location of Flagella?

Answer 7

• the categories of bacteria

Question 8

8. What are the 4 categories of Bacteria that are dependent on Flagella Positioning?

Answer 8

1. Monotrichous
2. Lophotrichous
3. Amphotrichous
4. Peritrichous

Question 9

9. What are Monotrichous Bacteria?

Answer 9

• they are bacteria that have 1 Flagellum

EXAMPLE:
- Vibria

Question 10

10. What are Lophotrichous Bacteria?

Answer 10

• they are bacteria that have multiple flagella
• these flagella are all located a one end

EXAMPLE:
- Spirilla

Question 11

11. What are Amphitrichous Bacteria?

Answer 11

• they are Bacteria that have a single Flagellum on each
  of the two opposite ends

Question 12

12. What are Peritrichous Bacteria?

Answer 12

• they have multiple Flagella
• these are projecting in all directions

EXAMPLE:
- E. Coli
- Clostridium Parabotulinum

Question 13

13. Does this diagram make sense?

Answer 13

• yes

Question 14

14. What are the 3 parts of the Prokaryotic Flagellum Structure?

Answer 14

1. Motor
2. Hook
3. Filament

Question 15

15. What is the Flagellum Motor?

Answer 15

• it is responsible for the rotation of the Flagellum
• it is located within the Cell Wall
• it is located within the Plasma Membrane

Question 16

16. Where does the energy for the Flagellum Motor come from?

Answer 16

• the energy comes from the Proton Motive Force
• this is a result of the H+ Pump

Question 17

17. What is the Hook of the Flagellum?

Answer 17

• this is located just outside of the cell wall

Question 18

18. What is the Filament of the Flagellum?

Answer 18

• this is made by subunits of proteins
• these proteins are knowns as Flagellin

THE FILAMENT ALLOWS FOR:
- Clockwise manner rotation
- Counter-Clockwise manner rotation

Question 19

19. What is Eukaryotic Flagella made of?

Answer 19

• Tubulin

Question 20

20. Does this image make sense?

Answer 20

• yes

Question 21

21. Where do we find Axial Filaments in Spirochetes?

Answer 21

• they are located lengthwise
• they are found between the Bacterial Plasma
  Membrane and the Outer Membrane
• this space is called the Periplasmic Space

Question 22

22. What kind of movement are Axial Filaments responsible for?

Answer 22

• they have a twisting motion
• their motion is snake like

Question 23

23. Label this diagram.

Answer 23

1. Flagella
   (Endoflagella)
2. Outer Membrane
3. Peptidoglycan
4. Inner Membrane
5. Cytoplasm

Question 24

24. What are Polysaccharide Fibers?

Answer 24

• some bacteria move by crawling or sliding
• they use Polysaccharide Fibres instead of Flagella

EXAMPLE:
- Flexibacter Polymorphus