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MED 109- BIOLOGY II > 42. PROKARYOTES > Flashcards

42. PROKARYOTES Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What are the 3 categories that living organisms are classified into?
A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
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2
Q
  1. What do Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea consist of?
A
  • Unicellular prokaryotes
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3
Q
  1. What 4 kingdoms is the Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes) divided into?
A
  1. Protists
  2. Fungi
  3. Plants
  4. Animals
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4
Q
  1. What is the most widespread and diverse domain?
A
  • Bacteria
  • they are divided into multiple kingdoms
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5
Q
  1. Where do we usually find Domain Archaea?
A
  • they live in extreme environments
  • such as salty lakes or boiling hot springs

THEY CONTAIN MULTIPLE KINGDOMS

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6
Q
  1. What kind of Eukaryotes are Protists?
A
  • they are unicellular
  • they have some simple multicellular relatives
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7
Q
  1. What kind of Eukaryotes are the Kingdom Plantae?
A
  • they are multi cellular eukaryotes
  • they carry out photosynthesis
  • this is the conversion of light energy to food
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8
Q
  1. What kind of Eukaryotes are the Kingdom Fungi?
A
  • they are defined by their nutritional mode

EXAMPLE:
- the mushroom
- this absorbs nutrients after decomposing organic
material

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9
Q
  1. What kind of Eukaryotes are the Kingdom Animalia?
A
  • they consist of multicellular Eukaryotes
  • these ingest other organisms
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10
Q
  1. Name the 2 Prokaryotic Micro-organisms.
A
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
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11
Q
  1. Name the 2 Eukaryotic Micro-organisms.
A
  • Protists
  • Fungi
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12
Q
  1. Name the Prokaryotic Macro-organisms?
A
  • there are none
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13
Q
  1. Name the 2 Eukaryotic Macro-organisms.
A
  • Animals
  • Plants
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14
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Micro-organisms.
A
  • these are Microscopic Organisms
  • they consist of either 1 cell (unicellular)
  • or they consist of a group of cells (multicellular)
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15
Q
  1. What are the 5 categories of Micro-organisms?
A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Protists
  4. Fungi
  5. Viruses
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16
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Bacteria.
A
  • they are unicellular
  • prokaryotic
  • microorganisms
17
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Archaea.
A
  • they are unicellular
  • prokaryotic
  • microorganisms
18
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Protists.
A
  • they are eukaryotic
  • microorganisms

EXAMPLE:
- Protozoa
- Algae

19
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Fungi.
A
  • they are eukaryotic
  • microorganisms

EXAMPLE:
- yeasts
- mushrooms

20
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Viruses.
A
  • they are non-cellular
  • pathogens
21
Q
  1. What can Pathogenic micro-organisms cause?
A
  • they cause infectious diseases
22
Q
  1. What happened to the European population during the Middle Ages?
A
  • they experienced a plague
  • this killed one quarter of the population
23
Q
  1. What did Louis Pasteur do in the 1870s?
A
  • he discovered the role of Pathogenic bacteria in the
    transmission of infectious diseases
24
Q
  1. What did Koch discover in 1892?
A
  • he discovered Vibrio Cholera
  • this is a kind of bacteria
  • it was the pathogen responsible for Cholera
25
Q
  1. What did Alexander Fleming discover in 1929?
A
  • he discovered a specific antibiotic
  • this is known as Peniciilin
26
Q
  1. What has helped to control and decrease the spread of infectious diseases?
A
  • the discovery of Antibiotics and Vaccinations
27
Q
  1. What are the 4 largest pandemics Humanity has ever experienced?
A
  1. Black Death
    - this is also known as the Bubonic Plague
    - it killed roughly 200 Million people
  2. Small Pox
    - it killed roughly 56 Million people
  3. Spanish Flu
    - it killed roughly 40-50 Million people
  4. Plague of Justinian
    - this killed roughly 30-50 Million people
28
Q
  1. Which Bacteria caused the Black Plague?
A
  • Yersinia Pestis Bacterium
  • this Bubonic plague targeted the Lymph nodes
29
Q
  1. How did Alexander Fleming discover Penicillin?
A
  • he accidentally discovered a Mold growing in his
    laboratory
  • this Mold was capable of killing a bacterium called
    Staphylococcus Aureus
30
Q
  1. What can be said about most of the World Epidemics before the end of the 19th Century?
A
  • they were caused by Bacteria
31
Q
  1. What can be said about most of the World Epidemics after the end of the 19th Century?
A
  • they are caused by Viruses
  • this is a result of the development of Antibiotics
  • we use Chemotherapeutic drugs to help deal with
    viruses
32
Q
  1. Where does the word “Quarantine” originate from?
A
  • it originates from the phrase: “Quarantina Giorni”
  • this means 40 days
33
Q
  1. What does the term “40 days” refer to?
A
  • the duration that the Venetian ships remained under
    quarantine in the sea before they approached the
    Venice port

MED 109- BIOLOGY II (90 decks)

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