54. ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA

Question 1

1. What are many species of the Alpha Proteobacteria subgroup closely associated with?

Answer 1

• they are closely associated with Eukaryotic Hosts
• this is a type of Symbiotic relationship
• they are not Pathogenic

Question 2

2. Define the Endosymbiotic Theory.

Answer 2

• Mitochondria have evolved from Aerobic Alpha-
  Proteobacteria
• through the process of Endosymbiosis

Question 3

3. Name 2 semi-independent organelles.

Answer 3

1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplasts

• they have their own DNA and ATP
• they are a part of a larger organelle

Question 4

4. Name 2 examples of Alpha Proteobacteria?

Answer 4

1. Rhizobium
2. Agrobacterium

Question 5

5. What is Rhizobacterium?

Answer 5

• this forms root nodules in legumes
• it fixes atmospheric N2

Question 6

6. What is Agrobacterium?

Answer 6

• this produces tumours in plants
• it is used in Genetic Engineering

Question 7

7. What are subgroups of Beta-Proteobacteria?

Answer 7

1. Neisseriae
2. Bortadella Pertussis

Question 8

8. Is Beta Proteobacteria pathogenic or not-pathogenic?

Answer 8

• this is Pathogenic

Question 9

9. What are 2 examples of Neisseriae?

Answer 9

1. Neisseria Meningitidis
2. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Question 10

10. What is Neisseria Meningitidis?

Answer 10

THE CAUSATIVE AGENT:
- Meningococcus

WHAT IS CAUSES:
- Meningococcal Meningitis
- this is an infection of the brain
- it has flu like symptoms
- it can cause Septicaemia

Question 11

11. What is Septicaemia?

Answer 11

• this is the sepsis of the blood
• it can lead to death

Question 12

12. What is Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

Answer 12

THE CAUSATIVE AGENT:
- Gonococcus

WHAT IS CAUSES:
- Gonococcal Urethritis
- this is known as Gonorrhea
- this is a kind of STD
- it gives men a Urethral infection
- it gives women a vaginal infection

Question 13

13. What is Bortadella Pertussis?

Answer 13

THE CAUSATIVE AGENT:
- Pertussis

WHAT IS CAUSES:
- Whooping cough
- it can be prevented with a DTP injection given to
children around the age of 2

Question 14

14. What are 2 sub-groups of Gamma Proteobacteria?

Answer 14

1. Pathogenic Bacteria
2. Opportunistic Pathogens

Question 15

15. What are 3 examples of Pathogenic Bacteria?

Answer 15

1. Legionella
2. Salmonella
   
   • food poisoning
3. Vibrio Cholera

Question 16

16. What is an example of Opportunistic Pathogens?

Answer 16

• Escherichia Coli

Question 17

17. Are most strains of Gamma Proteobacteria pathogenic?

Answer 17

• no
• there are several that are

Question 18

18. List 3 characteristics of Eschericia Coli?

Answer 18

1. IT IS PART OF OUR NORMAL FLORA
   - it is normally not pathogenic
   - it resides in the intestines of many mammals
2. IT CAN CAUSE OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
   - in immunosuppressed patients
   - these are patients that have white blood cells that
   cannot produce an immune response
3. SOME STRAINS OF E.COLI
   - can cause Haemorrhagic Diarrhoea

Question 19

19. What are some examples of Immunosuppressed Patients?

Answer 19

• AIDS patients
• Patients recovering from Chemotherapy
• Patients using Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 20

20. What shape is E.coli?

Answer 20

• it is rod shaped
• it is Gram-negative

Question 21

21. What shape is Salmonella Enteritidis?

Answer 21

• it is Rod Shaped

Question 22

22. What does Vibrio Cholera cause?

Answer 22

• Cholera

Question 23

23. What are the symptoms of Cholera?

Answer 23

• prolonged diarrhoea
• it takes about 5 -15 days

Question 24

24. How is cholera transmitted?

Answer 24

• it is transmitted via contaminated water
• this water is non-chlorinated
• this usually happens in underdeveloped countries

Question 25

25. Which toxin is produced by Vibrio Cholera?

Answer 25

- an enterotoxin - this is a kind of intestinal toxin - it leads to dehydration and death

Question 26

26. What is the Morphology (shape) of Vibrio Cholera?

Answer 26

- it is C-shaped - this means it was a spiral shape