46. CAPSULE

Question 1

1. Define a Capsule.

Answer 1

• this is a polysaccharide or protein layer
• it covers some prokaryotes
• it is found on the external side of the cell wall

Question 2

2. What is the Capsule associated with?

Answer 2

• it is associated with the increased Virulence of
  Pathogenic Bacteria

Question 3

3. Define Virulence?

Answer 3

• this is the ability of an infectious agent to produce a
  disease

Question 4

4. What is Virulence a measure of?

Answer 4

• it is a measure of the severity of the disease
• this disease is caused by the infectious agent

Question 5

5. List the 3 functions of the Capsule.

Answer 5

1. PROTECTS BACTERIA FROM PHAGOCYTOSIS
   - this happens due to Leukocytes
2. PROTECTS BACTERIA FROM DIGESTION
   - this happens upon Phagocytosis
3. PROTECTS BACTERIA FROM INFECTION
   - this is a result of phages
   - and drying

Question 6

6. What are Phages?

Answer 6

• these are also known as Bacteriophages
• they are viruses that attack Bacteria

Question 7

7. What are Hydrolytic Enzymes?

Answer 7

• these are created when a Phagosome fuses with a
  Lysosome

Question 8

8. Label this diagram.

Answer 8

1. Plasma Membrane
2. Cell Wall
3. Capsule

Question 9

9. What is another term for Fimbriae?

Answer 9

• Pili
• some prokaryotes have these

Question 10

10. How many Fimbriae does a Bacterium often have?

Answer 10

• between 1 and 400

Question 11

11. What is the function of Fimbriae?

Answer 11

• they attach the Bacteria to each other
• they also attach the bacteria to other cells
• the bacteria will then infect these cells

Question 12

12. What are Sex Pili?

Answer 12

• they are a special type of Fimbriae
• they are longer than regular Fimbriae
• they allow Prokaryotes to exchange DNA

Question 13

13. Do these images make sense?

Answer 13

• yes