1. REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE Flashcards
1
Q
- What are living organisms distinguished by?
A
- their ability to reproduce their own kind
2
Q
- Do children literally inherit particular physical traits from their parents?
A
- no
- they acquire genes from their parents
3
Q
- How do offspring acquire genes from their parents?
A
- they inherit chromosomes
- the genes are what is actually inherited
4
Q
- Provide a definition for Genetics?
A
- it is the scientific study
of heredity and variation
5
Q
- What is Heredity?
A
- this is the transmission of traits from one generation to
the next
6
Q
- What is Variation?
A
- the differences in appearance that offspring have
- this is in relation to their siblings and their parents
7
Q
- What is a gene a unit of?
A
- a gene is a unit of heredity
8
Q
- What are genes made up of?
A
- genes are made up of segments of DNA
9
Q
- How are genes passed to the next generation?
A
- genes are passed to the next generation via
reproductive cells - these cells are called Gametes
(sperm and egg cells)
10
Q
- What is most DNA packaged into?
A
- it is packaged into chromosomes
11
Q
- What is a Locus?
A
- this is the specific location of each gene
on a certain chromosome
12
Q
- Who was Gregor Mendel?
A
- he was an Austrian monk
- he discovered the basic principles of Heredity
- he did this by breeding garden peas
13
Q
- What title was Gregor Mendel given?
A
- The Father of Genetics
14
Q
- What method did Gregor Mendel use to identify the 2 laws of Inheritance?
A
- he used the scientific approach
15
Q
- Name Gregor Mendel’s 2 laws of Inheritance.
A
- The Law of Segregation
- The Law of Independent Assortment
16
Q
- List the 4 benefits of using Pea Plants for experiments relating to Genetics?
A
- Pea Plants have many different characters and traits
- The mating of the plants can be controlled
- Each pea plant has:
- sperm producing organs (stamens)
- egg producing organs (carpels)
- Cross Pollination
17
Q
- What is meant by Characters?
(with regards to Genetics)
A
- these are distinct features
- they are heritable
EG: flower colour
18
Q
- What is meant by Traits?
(with regards to Genetics)
A
- these are character variants EG: a flower can be purple
: another flower can be white
19
Q
- What is Cross Pollination?
A
- this is a type of fertilisation
- it happens between two different plants
20
Q
- How is Cross Pollination achieved?
A
- it is achieved by dusting one plant with pollen
- this pollen is taken from another plant
21
Q
- What are the 7 Pea Plant characters that Mendel observed during his experiments?
A
- Height
- Flower Colour
- Flower Position
- Seed Colour
- Seed Shape
- Pod Colour
- Pod Shape
22
Q
- Fill in labels for the traits labelled 1-14.
A
- Tall
- Dwarf
- Purple
- White
- Axial
- Terminal
- Yellow
- Green
- Round
- Wrinkled
- Green
- Yellow
- Smooth
- Constricted
23
Q
- Provide a description for Label 1.
A
- the stamens (sperm) are removed from the purple
flowers
24
Q
- Provide a description for Label 2.
A
- the sperm is transferred from the stamens of the white
flowers - to the egg-bearing carpel of the purple flower
- the the sperm bears pollen
25
Q
- Provide a description for Label 3.
A
- the pollinated carpel has matured into a pod
26
Q
- Provide a description for Label 4.
A
- seeds are planted from the pod
27
Q
- Provide a description for Label 5.
A
- the offspring are examined
- all the flowers are purple
- the colour purple is the dominant trait
- this is why it shows up in the phenotype
28
Q
- What are the 3 generations of Genetic Crossing?
A
- P Generation
- F1 Generation
- F2 Generation
29
Q
- What is the P Generation?
A
- this is the Parental Generation
30
Q
- What is the F1 Generation?
A
- this is the first offspring generation
- these are the offspring from the Parental (P)
Generation
31
Q
- What is the F2 Generation?
A
- this is the second offspring generation
- these are the offspring that come from the mating of
F1 Generation individuals
