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MED 109- BIOLOGY II > 1. REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE > Flashcards

1. REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What are living organisms distinguished by?
A
  • their ability to reproduce their own kind
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2
Q
  1. Do children literally inherit particular physical traits from their parents?
A
  • no
  • they acquire genes from their parents
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3
Q
  1. How do offspring acquire genes from their parents?
A
  • they inherit chromosomes
  • the genes are what is actually inherited
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4
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Genetics?
A
  • it is the scientific study
    of heredity and variation
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5
Q
  1. What is Heredity?
A
  • this is the transmission of traits from one generation to
    the next
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6
Q
  1. What is Variation?
A
  • the differences in appearance that offspring have
  • this is in relation to their siblings and their parents
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7
Q
  1. What is a gene a unit of?
A
  • a gene is a unit of heredity
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8
Q
  1. What are genes made up of?
A
  • genes are made up of segments of DNA
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9
Q
  1. How are genes passed to the next generation?
A
  • genes are passed to the next generation via
    reproductive cells
  • these cells are called Gametes
    (sperm and egg cells)
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10
Q
  1. What is most DNA packaged into?
A
  • it is packaged into chromosomes
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11
Q
  1. What is a Locus?
A
  • this is the specific location of each gene
    on a certain chromosome
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12
Q
  1. Who was Gregor Mendel?
A
  • he was an Austrian monk
  • he discovered the basic principles of Heredity
  • he did this by breeding garden peas
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13
Q
  1. What title was Gregor Mendel given?
A
  • The Father of Genetics
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14
Q
  1. What method did Gregor Mendel use to identify the 2 laws of Inheritance?
A
  • he used the scientific approach
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15
Q
  1. Name Gregor Mendel’s 2 laws of Inheritance.
A
  1. The Law of Segregation
  2. The Law of Independent Assortment
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16
Q
  1. List the 4 benefits of using Pea Plants for experiments relating to Genetics?
A
  1. Pea Plants have many different characters and traits
  2. The mating of the plants can be controlled
  3. Each pea plant has:
    • sperm producing organs (stamens)
    • egg producing organs (carpels)
  4. Cross Pollination
17
Q
  1. What is meant by Characters?
    (with regards to Genetics)
A
  • these are distinct features
  • they are heritable
    EG: flower colour
18
Q
  1. What is meant by Traits?
    (with regards to Genetics)
A
  • these are character variants EG: a flower can be purple
    : another flower can be white
19
Q
  1. What is Cross Pollination?
A
  • this is a type of fertilisation
  • it happens between two different plants
20
Q
  1. How is Cross Pollination achieved?
A
  • it is achieved by dusting one plant with pollen
  • this pollen is taken from another plant
21
Q
  1. What are the 7 Pea Plant characters that Mendel observed during his experiments?
A
  1. Height
  2. Flower Colour
  3. Flower Position
  4. Seed Colour
  5. Seed Shape
  6. Pod Colour
  7. Pod Shape
22
Q
  1. Fill in labels for the traits labelled 1-14.
A
  1. Tall
  2. Dwarf
  3. Purple
  4. White
  5. Axial
  6. Terminal
  7. Yellow
  8. Green
  9. Round
  10. Wrinkled
  11. Green
  12. Yellow
  13. Smooth
  14. Constricted
23
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 1.
A
  • the stamens (sperm) are removed from the purple
    flowers
24
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 2.
A
  • the sperm is transferred from the stamens of the white
    flowers
  • to the egg-bearing carpel of the purple flower
  • the the sperm bears pollen
25
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 3.
A
  • the pollinated carpel has matured into a pod
26
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 4.
A
  • seeds are planted from the pod
27
Q
  1. Provide a description for Label 5.
A
  • the offspring are examined
  • all the flowers are purple
  • the colour purple is the dominant trait
  • this is why it shows up in the phenotype
28
Q
  1. What are the 3 generations of Genetic Crossing?
A
  1. P Generation
  2. F1 Generation
  3. F2 Generation
29
Q
  1. What is the P Generation?
A
  • this is the Parental Generation
30
Q
  1. What is the F1 Generation?
A
  • this is the first offspring generation
  • these are the offspring from the Parental (P)
    Generation
31
Q
  1. What is the F2 Generation?
A
  • this is the second offspring generation
  • these are the offspring that come from the mating of
    F1 Generation individuals

MED 109- BIOLOGY II (90 decks)

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