44. NOMENCLATURE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS

Question 1

1. How do we name Bacteria?

Answer 1

• we use Binomial Nomenclature
• this is a modern system of naming living organisms
• it was invented by Carolus Linnaeus

Question 2

2. How does Binomial Nomenclature work?

Answer 2

SPECIES NAME = Genus + Characteristic Property

EXAMPLE:
- Staphylococcus Aureus
- Genus = Staphylococcus
- Property = Aureus

Question 3

3. What was the first organism on Earth?

Answer 3

• Prokaryotes

Question 4

4. What is the size of a Prokaryotic Cell?

Answer 4

• 1 to 10 μm
• these are smaller than Eukaryotic cells

Question 5

5. What is the size of a Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 5

• 10 to 100 μm

Question 6

6. What is Variable Morphology?

Answer 6

• this is the variety of shapes
• it usually has to do with the shapes of the
  microorganisms

Question 7

7. What are the 3 Morphologies of Prokaryotes?

Answer 7

1. Spherical Shape
   (Cocci)
2. Rod-shaped
   (Rods)
3. Spiral Shape

Question 8

8. What are two examples of Cocci?

Answer 8

1. Staphylococci
2. Streptococci

Question 9

9. What is an example of a Rod?

Answer 9

1. E.coli (Bacilli)

Question 10

10. What are two examples of Spiral shaped Bacteria?

Answer 10

1. Vibrio Cholera
   (this can either be C or S shaped)
2. Spirilla
   (Spirochetes)

Question 11

11. Does this diagram make sense?

Answer 11

• yes

Question 12

12. List the 5 characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells.

Answer 12

1. They are smaller in size
2. There is an absence of a Nuclear Membrane
3. There is an absence of membrane-bound organelles
   - EG: mitochondria or chloroplasts
4. There is no organised Replicative Cell Cycle (Mitosis)
   - they replicate by Binary Fission
5. Their cell wall has a different composition from
   Eukaryotic Cell Walls

Question 13

13. What are Fungal cells walls made of?

Answer 13

• Chitin

Question 14

14. What are Plant Cell walls made of?

Answer 14

• Cellulose

Question 15

15. Label the cell.

Answer 15

1. Cell Wall
2. Plasma Membrane
3. Nucleoid (region with circular chromosomes)
4. Sex Pilus
5. Flagella
6. Cytoplasm
7. Capsule
8. Fimbriae

Question 16

16. What are the Essential Structures of the Prokaryotic Cell?

Answer 16

• Cell Wall
• Plasma Membrane
• Nucleoid
• Cytoplasm

Question 17

17. What are the Attachment Structures of the Prokaryote?
    NB: this means that not every Prokaryote will have them

Answer 17

• Sex Pilus
• Flagella
• Capsule
• Fimbriae

Question 18

18. Label this Prokaryotic Cell.

Answer 18

1. Cytoplasm
2. Nucleoid
3. Cell Wall
4. Cytoplasmic Membrane

Question 19

19. Label the Eukaryotic Cell.

Answer 19

1. Cytoplasmic Membrane
2. Ribosomes
3. Nucleus
4. Nucleolus
5. Nuclear Membrane
6. Cytoplasm
7. Mitochondrion
8. Lysosome
9. Endoplasmic Reticulum