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MED 109- BIOLOGY II > 36. PROMOTERS > Flashcards

36. PROMOTERS Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is a Promoter?
A
  • it is a sequence of DNA
  • it is where RNA Polymerase II and the Transcription
    factors bind
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2
Q
  1. Where are Promoters found?
A
  • they are found in every eukaryotic gene
  • they are located upstream of the gene
  • they include a TATA box
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3
Q
  1. What are Control elements?
A
  • these are segments of non-coding DNA
  • they regulate transcription
  • they do this by binding to the transcription factors
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4
Q
  1. What are Proximal control elements?
A
  • they are located close to the Promoter
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5
Q
  1. What are Distal Control elements?
A
  • they are located far away from the gene
  • they can be found in an intron
  • they are grouped together as enhancers
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6
Q
  1. What are Transcription Factors?
A
  • they are proteins
  • they help RNA Polymerase II to initiate transcription
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7
Q
  1. What do the Transcription factors interact with?
A
  • they interact with specific control elements
  • this regulates the transcription of a particular gene
  • this regulates the gene expression in different types of
    cells
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8
Q
  1. What are Transcription factors essential for?
A
  • they are essential for the transcription of all protein
    coding genes
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9
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of specific transcription factors?
A
  1. Activators
  2. Repressors
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10
Q
  1. What are Activators?
A
  • these are transcription factors
  • they bind to an enhancer
  • this enhancer has 3 building sites
  • they stimulate the specific gene transcription
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11
Q
  1. What are Repressors?
A
  • these are transcription factors
  • they inhibit transcription and expression of particular
    genes
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12
Q
  1. What does an Activator bind to?
A
  • it binds to an enhancer
  • this enhancer is made up of distal control elements
  • this will stimulate the transcription of a specific gene
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13
Q
  1. What does DNA bending result in?
A
  • DNA bending brings the bound activators closer to the
    promoter
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14
Q
  1. What do the Bound Activators do?
A
  • they cause the recruitment of Mediator Proteins
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15
Q
  1. What does this recruitment consist of?
A

THIS IS THE RECRUITMENT OF:
- General Transcription factors

THESE GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS:
- bind to the TATA box within the Promoter
- the RNA Polymerase II binds to the Promoter

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16
Q
  1. What does this recruitment result in?
A
  • activation of gene transcription
17
Q
  1. How many Domains do Activators have?
A
  • 2
  • one for DNA binding
  • one for activation of transcription
18
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of Transcription factors?
A
  1. General Transcription Factors
  2. Specific Transcription Factors
19
Q
  1. What are the General Transcription Factors?
A
  • they are common for all genes
  • they bind to the TATA box in the Promoter
  • they induce the RNA Polymerase II to bind to the
    Promoter
20
Q
  1. What are Specific Transcription Factors?
A
  • they are unique for each gene
  • they can be common for functionally related genes

EG:
- activators

21
Q
  1. What happens when Specific Transcription factors bind to the control elements?
A
  • these control elements are known as Enhancers
  • this leads to the recruitment and the binding of the
    general transcription factors to the TATA box

MED 109- BIOLOGY II (90 decks)

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