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MED 109- BIOLOGY II > 10. UNLINKED GENES > Flashcards

10. UNLINKED GENES Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What are Non-Parental Phenotypes?
A
  • this is when the combinations of traits in some
    offspring differ from either parent
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2
Q
  1. What are Parental Types?
A
  • this is when offspring have a phenotype that matches
    one of the parental phenotypes
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3
Q
  1. What are Recombinants?
A
  • Recombinant types are offspring with non-parental
    phenotypes
  • they have new combinations of traits
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4
Q
  1. What can be said about Unlinked genes and their frequency of Recombination?
A

FREQUENCY OF RECOMBINATION IN A HETEROZYGOUS (Aa) AND A HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (aa):
- 50%

FOR ANY 2 UNLINKED GENES:
- these are genes found on different chromosomes
- 50% of the offspring have new phenotypes observed
- this is due to the independent assortment of the
chromosomes

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5
Q
  1. What do Recombinant Offspring exhibit?
A
  • they exhibit new combinations of the traits that they
    inherited from two parents
  • they exhibit Non-Parental Chromosomes
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6
Q
  1. When does Genetic Recombination occur?
A
  • this happens during Meiosis I
  • this is what may cause the linked genes to separate
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7
Q
  1. What is the Recombination Frequency of Linked Genes?
A
  • the Recombination Frequency is less than 50%
  • this is due to the Crossing Over between non-sister
    chromatids during Meiosis I
  • this is what accounts for the observed recombinants
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8
Q
  1. What is the Recombination Frequency for Completely Linked Genes?
A
  • there is a 0% Recombination Frequency
  • this is because the genes are extremely close to each
    other on the same chromosome
  • these genes are not separated during genetic
    recombination
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9
Q
  1. What is the Recombination Frequency for Incompletely Linked Genes?
A
  • the Recombination Frequency is between 0% - 50%
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10
Q
  1. What is a Genetic Map?
A
  • this is an ordered list of genetic loci
  • these loci are positioned along a particular chromosome
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11
Q
  1. What did Thomas Hunt Morgan predict when it came to the location of genes on specific chromosomes?
A
  • he predicted that the further apart two genes are:
    • the higher the probability that a crossover will occur
      between them
    • this means that there will be a higher chance that the
      genes separate and unlink
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12
Q
  1. What does a higher recombination frequency result in?
A
  • a higher chance that 2 linked genes may separate
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13
Q
  1. What can be said about genes that are far apart on the same chromosome?
A
  • they have a Recombination Frequency near 50%
  • these genes are physically linked
  • these genes are genetically unlinked
  • this means that they behave as though they are found on
    different chromosomes
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14
Q
  1. What is a Linkage Map?
A
  • this is a genetic map of a chromosome
  • it is based on recombination frequencies
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15
Q
  1. What are the distances between genes expressed as in Linkage Maps?
A
  • they are expressed as Map Units
  • 1 Map Unit (Centimorgan) = 1% Recombination Frequency
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16
Q
  1. What are Cytogenetic (Linkage) Maps?
A
  • they are Linkage Maps that indicate the relative positions
    of genes
  • they do this with respect to Chromosomal Features
  • they do not do this in respect to the precise locations of
    the genes
17
Q
  1. When it comes to Completely Linked Genes, what is the Relative Position of the genes on the chromosome?
A
  • the genes are very close to each other on the same
    chromosome
18
Q
  1. When it comes to Completely Linked Genes, what is the Recombination Frequency (RF) of the genes?
A
  • there is no genetic recombination that occurs
  • RF = 0%
19
Q
  1. When it comes to Incompletely and Partially Linked Genes, what is the Relative Position of the genes on the chromosome?
A
  • the genes are on the same chromosome
  • there is some distance between the genes
20
Q
  1. When it comes to Incompletely and Partially Linked Genes, what is the Recombination Frequency (RF) of the genes?
A
  • the genetic recombination takes place between 0%-50%
  • this is dependent on the distance between the genes
21
Q
  1. When it comes to Physically Linked but genetically unlinked genes, what is the Relative Position of the genes on the chromosomes?
A
  • the genes are located far away from each other on the
    same chromosome
  • they often behave as though they are unlinked genes
22
Q
  1. When it comes to Physically Linked but genetically unlinked genes, what is the Recombination Frequency (RF) of the genes?
A
  • the Recombination Frequency is close to 50%
23
Q
  1. When it comes to Unlinked Genes, what is the Relative Position of the genes on the chromosome?
A
  • the genes are found on different chromosomes
  • the genes are not inherited together
  • the genes follow Mendel’s Laws of Independent
    Assortment
  • this is also known as Mendel’s 2nd Law
24
Q
  1. When it comes to Unlinked Genes, what is the Recombination Frequency of the genes?
A
  • the Recombination Frequency is exactly 50%
  • there is no genetic recombination that occurs
  • this is due to the Law of Independent Assortment
25
Q
  1. Does this Summary make sense?
A
  • yes

MED 109- BIOLOGY II (90 decks)

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