Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MED 109- BIOLOGY II > 2. THE LAW OF SEGREGATION > Flashcards

2. THE LAW OF SEGREGATION Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is Hybridization?
A
  • the process of interbreeding individuals
  • these individuals come from genetically distinct
    populations
  • their interbreeding produces a hybrid
  • this genetic hybrid carries two different alleles of the
    same gene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. How did Mendel use Hybridization?
A
  • Mendel mated 2 contrasting varieties
  • both these varieties were true breeding
  • he mated white and purple flowered pea plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. What is another name for True-breeding varieties?
A
  • Homozygotes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. What are Homozygotes (True-Breeding Varieties)?
A
  • these are plants that produce offspring

WHEN THESE OFFSPRING SELF-POLLINATE:
- they are of the same variants only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. What are the results seen in the F1 Generation when white flowered pea plants are mated with purple flowered pea plants?
A
  • all the F1 Generation hybrids are purple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. Are F1 Generation individuals heterozygotes or homozygotes?
A
  • the F1 Generation individuals are hybrids
  • these means they are heterozygotes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What is the result of mating the F1 Generation hybrids with one another?
A
  • there will be a ratio of 3:1
  • 3 purple flowers : 1 white flower
  • these results are seen in the F2 Generation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. When it comes to the mating of purple and white flowered Pea Plants, which trait is dominant?
A
  • the purple flower colour
  • the white flower colour is the recessive trait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. What is Mendelian Inheritance?
A
  • these are the certain patterns of traits
  • it focuses on how these traits are passed from parents
    to offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What do we call Mendel’s “Heritable Factors” nowadays?
A
  • genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Homozygous?
A
  • this is an organism with 2 identical alleles
  • these alleles are identical for a specific gene
  • these alleles are said to be homozygous for the gene
    that is responsible for a specific character

EG: AA, aa, true breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Heterozygous?
A
  • this is an organism that has 2 different alleles
  • these alleles are different for a specific gene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Heterozygous?
A
  • this is an organism that has 2 different alleles
  • these alleles are different for a specific gene
  • these alleles are said to be heterozygous for the gene
    that is responsible for a specific character

EG: Aa, breeding that is not true, hybrids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Provide a definition for a Phenotype.
A
  • this is the physical appearance of an organism
  • these are the organism’s characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. What is a Genotype?
A
  • this is the genetic make up of an organism
  • these are the allele combination for an organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What are Alleles?
A
  • these are different versions of the same gene
  • they are found on the same position on homologous
    chromosomes
  • they have the same locus
  • alleles are responsible for encoding the same
    characteristics
17
Q
  1. What are Dominant Alleles?
A
  • these are the alleles that are expressed in the
    phenotype
  • these alleles are represented with a Capital Letter
18
Q
  1. What are Recessive Alleles?
A

WHEN THESE ALLELES ARE COMBINED WITH A DOMINANT ALLELE:
- they are not expressed in the phenotype

WHEN THESE ALLELES ARE COMBINED WITH A RECESSIVE ALLELE:
- they are expressed in the phenotype
- they are represented using a lower case letter

19
Q
  1. What is the pattern Mendel observed with regards to the F2 Offspring Generation?
A
  • many of their characteristics followed a 3:1 inheritance
    pattern
20
Q
  1. How many of Mendel’s Concepts explain the 3:1 Inheritance pattern he observed in the F2 Generation offspring?
A
  • 4 of them
21
Q
  1. What is Concept 1 of the Mendel Model?
A
  • there are alternative versions of genes
  • these account for variations in inherited characters
22
Q
  1. Provide an example of Concept 1 of the Mendel Model.
A

IN PEA PLANTS:
- the gene for flower colour exists in 2 versions
- purple flowers
- or white flowers

23
Q
  1. What are alternative versions of a gene called?
A
  • alleles
24
Q
  1. Where does each gene resign on a specific chromosome?
A
  • each gene resides at a specific locus (position) on the
    chromosome
25
Q
  1. What is Concept 2 of the Mendel Model?
A

FOR EACH CHARACTERISTIC / CHARACTER:
- an organism inherits 2 alleles
- it inherits 1 from each parent

26
Q
  1. What is a simple definition of a Homozygote?
A
  • 2 alleles at a locus
  • on a chromosome
  • are identical

EG: true breeding plants

27
Q
  1. What is a simple definition of a Heterozygote?
A
  • 2 alleles at a locus
  • on a chromosome
  • are different

EG: the F1 hybrids

28
Q
  1. What is Concept 3 of the Mendel Model?
A

IF THE 2 ALLELES AT A LOCUS DIFFER:
- this means that they are heterozygotes
- the dominant allele will determine the organism’s
appearance
- this will show in the phenotype
- the recessive allele will have no noticeable effect on
the appearance

EXAMPLE:
- purple flowers contain a dominant trait
- white flowers contain a recessive trait

29
Q
  1. What is another name for Concept 4 of the Mendel Model?
A
  • the Law of Segregation
  • this is Mendel’s 1st Law
30
Q
  1. What is the Law of Segregation?
    (Mendel’s 1st Law)
    (Concept 4 of the Mendel Model)
A

THE 2 ALLELES FOR A GENE:
- separate and segregate during gamete formation
(meiosis)
- these alleles will end up in different gametes
- the alleles for a gene are responsible for the heritable
characteristics

31
Q
  1. What does the segregation of the alleles correspond
    to?
A
  • the separation of the homologous chromosomes
    TO different gametes
    DURING meiosis
32
Q
  1. What does each gamete (egg or sperm) have?
A
  • they have only 1 of the 2 homologous chromosomes
    from each pair
  • this means that they each have only 1 of the 2 alleles
  • these homologous chromosome pairs are present in
    the somatic cells of an organism
33
Q
  1. Study this image well.
    Does everything make sense?
A
  • yes
34
Q
  1. What is a Punnet Square?
A
  • it is a diagram
  • it predicts the results of a genetic cross between
    individuals
  • the genetic makeup (genotype) of these individuals is
    known
35
Q
  1. What does a Punnet Square Show?
A
  • it shows the possible combinations of sperm and eggs
  • a capital letter represents a dominant allele
  • a lowercase letter represents a recessive allele

MED 109- BIOLOGY II (90 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions