47. CONJUGATION Flashcards
1
Q
- What is Conjugation?
A
- this is the transfer of Genetic Material between
Prokaryotic Cells - the transfer happens through the Sex Pili
- this happens between Bacteria in particular
2
Q
- What kind of direction does Conjugation happen in?
A
- it is a Unidirectional process
- this means that one cell gives the DNA to the other cell
- the other cell then receives it
3
Q
- What is Conjugation used for?
A
- it is used for Plasmid transfer
- from one Bacterium to the other
4
Q
- What are Plasmids?
A
- they are small and circular
- they are extra chromosomal DNA molecules
5
Q
- What do some Plasmids carry?
A
- they carry genes
- these are responsible for Antibiotic Resistance
- these are called R Plasmids
6
Q
- How is DNA transferred during Conjugation?
A
- the donor cell attaches to a recipient
- this is done by the Pilus
- it pulls the cell closer
- it then transfers the DNA
7
Q
- What is an F Plasmid?
A
- this is a type of plasmid
- it is required for the production of Pili
THE BACTERIA THAT HAS F PLASMIDS:
- act as DNA donors
8
Q
- Does this Diagram showing Conjugation make sense?
A
- yes
9
Q
- Define R Plasmids.
A
- these are a type of plasmid
- they carry genes for Antibiotic Resistance
10
Q
- Define Antibiotics?
A
- they are the specific drugs that are used to kill
microorganisms - this includes Bacteria
- they cannot kill non-cellular pathogens
(such as viruses)
11
Q
- Which kind of Bacteria does Natural Selection favour?
A
- it favours the Bacteria that carries genes for Resistance
- this bacteria is favoured in a population that is
exposed to Antibiotics - this makes the treatment of Bacterial infections more
difficult
12
Q
- Which kind of Bacterial strains are becoming more common?
A
- Antibiotic Resistant strains of bacteria
- they are becoming more common
- this is because they are growing and reproducing in
Antibiotic present conditions
13
Q
- What is MRSA?
A
- this is a kind of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
- it is called Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
14
Q
- When should we use Antibiotics?
A
- when they are truly necessary
- or otherwise we encourage over-use
- this leads to Antibiotic Resistance
THIS IS BECAUSE:
- the microorganisms that we need become inactive
15
Q
- List 2 viruses that Antibiotics cannot treat?
A
- common cold
- flu
16
Q
- What are the 2 kinds of Prokaryote movement?
A
- Taxis
- Chemotaxis
17
Q
- Define Taxis.
A
- the ability of Bacteria to move toward or away
- from a stimulus
18
Q
- Define Chemotaxis.
A
- this is the movement toward or away
- from a chemical stimulus
19
Q
- What are the 3 Prokaryotic Motility Structures?
A
- Flagella
- Axial Filaments
- Polysaccharide Fibers
20
Q
- Where do we find Flagella?
A
- we find them in most Bacteria
21
Q
- Where do we find Axial Filaments?
A
- we find them in Spirochetes
22
Q
- Where do we find Polysaccharide Fibers?
A
- we find them in Flexibacter Polymorphus
- this tends to move with a Polysaccharide virus
