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MED 109- BIOLOGY II > 47. CONJUGATION > Flashcards

47. CONJUGATION Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is Conjugation?
A
  • this is the transfer of Genetic Material between
    Prokaryotic Cells
  • the transfer happens through the Sex Pili
  • this happens between Bacteria in particular
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2
Q
  1. What kind of direction does Conjugation happen in?
A
  • it is a Unidirectional process
  • this means that one cell gives the DNA to the other cell
  • the other cell then receives it
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3
Q
  1. What is Conjugation used for?
A
  • it is used for Plasmid transfer
  • from one Bacterium to the other
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4
Q
  1. What are Plasmids?
A
  • they are small and circular
  • they are extra chromosomal DNA molecules
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5
Q
  1. What do some Plasmids carry?
A
  • they carry genes
  • these are responsible for Antibiotic Resistance
  • these are called R Plasmids
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6
Q
  1. How is DNA transferred during Conjugation?
A
  • the donor cell attaches to a recipient
  • this is done by the Pilus
  • it pulls the cell closer
  • it then transfers the DNA
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7
Q
  1. What is an F Plasmid?
A
  • this is a type of plasmid
  • it is required for the production of Pili

THE BACTERIA THAT HAS F PLASMIDS:
- act as DNA donors

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8
Q
  1. Does this Diagram showing Conjugation make sense?
A
  • yes
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9
Q
  1. Define R Plasmids.
A
  • these are a type of plasmid
  • they carry genes for Antibiotic Resistance
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10
Q
  1. Define Antibiotics?
A
  • they are the specific drugs that are used to kill
    microorganisms
  • this includes Bacteria
  • they cannot kill non-cellular pathogens
    (such as viruses)
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11
Q
  1. Which kind of Bacteria does Natural Selection favour?
A
  • it favours the Bacteria that carries genes for Resistance
  • this bacteria is favoured in a population that is
    exposed to Antibiotics
  • this makes the treatment of Bacterial infections more
    difficult
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12
Q
  1. Which kind of Bacterial strains are becoming more common?
A
  • Antibiotic Resistant strains of bacteria
  • they are becoming more common
  • this is because they are growing and reproducing in
    Antibiotic present conditions
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13
Q
  1. What is MRSA?
A
  • this is a kind of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
  • it is called Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
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14
Q
  1. When should we use Antibiotics?
A
  • when they are truly necessary
  • or otherwise we encourage over-use
  • this leads to Antibiotic Resistance

THIS IS BECAUSE:
- the microorganisms that we need become inactive

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15
Q
  1. List 2 viruses that Antibiotics cannot treat?
A
  • common cold
  • flu
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16
Q
  1. What are the 2 kinds of Prokaryote movement?
A
  1. Taxis
  2. Chemotaxis
17
Q
  1. Define Taxis.
A
  • the ability of Bacteria to move toward or away
  • from a stimulus
18
Q
  1. Define Chemotaxis.
A
  • this is the movement toward or away
  • from a chemical stimulus
19
Q
  1. What are the 3 Prokaryotic Motility Structures?
A
  1. Flagella
  2. Axial Filaments
  3. Polysaccharide Fibers
20
Q
  1. Where do we find Flagella?
A
  • we find them in most Bacteria
21
Q
  1. Where do we find Axial Filaments?
A
  • we find them in Spirochetes
22
Q
  1. Where do we find Polysaccharide Fibers?
A
  • we find them in Flexibacter Polymorphus
  • this tends to move with a Polysaccharide virus

MED 109- BIOLOGY II (90 decks)

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