75. INDUSTRIAL AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF FUNGI

Question 1

1. What are 3 industrial and therapeutic applications of Fungi?

Answer 1

1. The Production of Antibiotics
2. The Production of Alcoholic Beverages, Bread and
   Cheese
3. Genetic Engineering

Question 2

2. What is an example of an Antibiotic?

Answer 2

• ascomycetes of the Genus Penicillium

Question 3

3. What are 2 kinds of ascomycetes of the Genus Penicillium?

Answer 3

1. Penicillium Chrysogenum
2. Penicillium Griseofulvum

Question 4

4. What does Penicillium Chrysogenum produce?

Answer 4

• it produces Penicillin
• this is an anti-bacterial antibiotic

NB:
- this was discovered by Alexander Fleming

Question 5

5. What does Penicillium Griseofulvum produce?

Answer 5

• it produces Griseofulvin
• this is an anti-fungal antibiotic
• these are known as anti-mycotics

Question 6

6. What is a yeast that is used in the production of Alcoholic Beverages, bread and cheeses?

Answer 6

• the yeast called Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Question 7

7. What does Sacchromyces Cerevisiae produce?

Answer 7

• it produces enzymes
• these are used for Alcohol Fermentation
• they are used as Baking yeasts
• this is because of its CO₂ production

Question 8

8. What are some alcohols that Sacchromyces Cerevisiae is used to produce?

Answer 8

• beer
• wine

Question 9

9. What is Genetic Engineering?

Answer 9

• this is the study of the genes involved in Human
  Diseases

Question 10

10. What is an example of a Genetic Engineering Development?

Answer 10

INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF):
- this can be produced in the fungus
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Question 11

11. Is Penicillin Gram Positive or Gram Negative?

Answer 11

• it is Gram Positive
• it contains Peptidoglycan

Question 12

12. What can be seen in this image?

Answer 12

AGAR PLATE:
- this is a very jelly like substance
- it allows for Bacterial Colonies to grow

THE FUNGUS PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM:
- secreted a substance that did not allow the bacteria to
grow
- it secretes Penicillin
- this kills Staphylococcus
- this produces a Zone of inhibition

Question 13

13. Does this summary make sense?

Answer 13

• yes

Question 14

14. Does this summary make sense?

Answer 14

• yes

Question 15

15. Does this summary make sense?

Answer 15

• yes

Question 16

16. Answer this question.

Answer 16

• B

Question 17

17. Answer this question.

Answer 17

• C