6. Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
2 parts of the integumentary system
A
Epidermis
Dermis
2
Q
Lining of epidermis
A
Stratified squamous
3
Q
4 cell types in epidermis
A
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkels cells
4
Q
Most numerous cell in the epidermis
A
Keratinocytes
5
Q
Cells that produces keratin
A
Keratinocytes
6
Q
Most numerous protein in the SKIN or Epidermis
A
Keratin
7
Q
Most numerous protein in the BODY
A
Collagen
8
Q
Most numerous protein in the MUSCLE
A
Actin
9
Q
Most numerous protein in the BLOOD
A
Albumin
10
Q
Cells that produce melanin
A
Melanocytes
11
Q
Yellow-red melanin
A
Pheomelanin (“phe-ow”)
12
Q
Brown - black melanin
A
Eumelanin
13
Q
Protects us from UV
A
Melanocytes (melanin)
14
Q
Are melanocytes resistant or sensitive to light/UV?
A
Very sensitive to UV or light
15
Q
What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes
A
Neural crest cells
16
Q
2 cells that are derived from neural crest cells
A
Melanocytes
Neuroglia (glial cells)
17
Q
Supporting cells of neurons
A
Neuroglia or glial cells
18
Q
Macrophage of the epidermis
A
Langerhans cells
19
Q
Epidermal layer where langerhans are present
A
Stratum spinosum
20
Q
Mechanoreceptor for sense of TOUCH seen in the EPIDERMIS
A
Merkel cells
21
Q
Mechanoreceptor for LIGHT TOUCH that is seen in the DERMIS
A
Meissner corpuscles
22
Q
Which is more sensitive Merkel or Meissner?
A
Meissner corpuscles
23
Q
Least numerous cell in the epidermis
A
Merkel cells
24
Q
Merkel cells are located in what layer of epidermis
A
Stratum basale
25
Layers of EPIDERMIS: Superficial to Deep
| Come, Let's Get Sun Burned
```
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale
```
26
Deepest layer of epidermis
Basale
27
2 epidermal layers which are sites of tonofilament production
Basale and Spinosum
28
Layer of epidermis with HIGHEST MITOTIC ACTIVITY of KERATINOCYTES
Stratum Basale
29
Future keratin
Tonofilaments
30
2 other names of stratum spinosum
Spiky layer
| Prickle cell layer
31
Epidermal Cell layer with decreased mitotic activity of keratinocytes
Spinosum
32
Combination of stratum basale and spinosum
Stratum germinativum or Malpighian layer
33
Disease assoc with ABSENCE of melanin
Albinism
34
Disease assoc with DEFICIENCY in melanin
Vitiligo
35
Amino acid needed to produce melanin, dopamine, epi, norepi and tyroxine
TYROSINE
36
Tyrosine give rise to : (3 derivatives)
Melanin
DOPA
Tyroxine
37
DOPA gives rise to
DOPA ➡️ Dopamine ➡️ Norepi ➡️ Epi
38
Disease assoc with LACK OF DOPAMINE which results to involuntary movements
Parkinson's Disease
39
DOC for Parkinson's Disease
Levadopa (L-Dopa)
40
Tyroxine gives rise to 2
T3 and T4
41
Other name for T3
Triiodothyronine
42
T4 is aka
Thyroxine
43
Which is more potent T3 or T4?
T3 (tulfo=matapang=more potent)
44
More numerous but no use T3 or T4?
T4
45
Epidermal layer where cells are undergoing APOPTOSIS
S. Granulosum
46
2 granules in S. Granulosum
Keratohyalin granules
| Lamellar granules
47
Granules which converts tonofilaments to keratin
Keratohyalin granules
48
Granules in S. Granulosum which is a layer of lipid for protection (wag matuyo ang body)
Lamellar granules
49
Other term for S. Lucidum
Clear cell layer or Translucent layer
50
S. Lucidum is found in _ skin (3 examples)
Thick skin - Palm, soles, fingertips
51
Syndrome assoc with PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA ( abnormal thickening of Palm and Sole) ("P")
Papillon- Lefevre Syndrome ("P")Papillon - Palmo
52
Dental manifestation of Papillon Lefevre Syndrome
Periodontitis in children ("puppy=child")
53
2 diseases assoc with periodontitis in CHILDREN
Papillon Lefevre syndrome ("puppy=child")
| Chediak Higashi Syndrome ("chanak=child")
54
Disease assic with CAFE AU LAIT SPOTS and PERIO in Children. ("C")
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome ("C" - Chediak : Cafe)
55
Thickest layer of epidermis
Stratum corneum
56
Other term for S. Corneum
Horny layer
57
Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction
Callus
58
Excess keratinocytes shedding from SCALP
Dandruff
59
"SCALP"
```
Skin
Ct
Aponeurosis
Loose ct
Periosteum
```
60
Sheddings from other parts of the body (libag)
Dander
61
Skin disease where keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal
Psoriasis
62
3 signs and symptoms of Psoriasis
Silvery scales
Monroe's Abscess
Auspitz sign
63
Abscess assoc with Psoriasis/ Cardinal sign of psoriasis
Monroe's abscess
64
Bleeding spots in Psoriasis
Auspitz sign
65
Abscess assoc with Osteomyelitis
Brodies abscess
66
Causative agent of Osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus Aureus
67
Staphyloccocus aureus which is a common bacteria in the skin which also has 2 charac:
Pus producing
| Antibiotic resistant
68
3 assoc with MOTH EATEN Radiographic Appearance
Ewing's sarcoma
External Root resorption
Osteomyelitis
69
Malignant cell tumor with 2 rx app: MOTH EATEN and ONION SKIN
Ewing's sarcoma
70
Dermis is made up of what fibers (2)
Collagen and elastic fibers
71
Provides blood supply for epidermis
Dermis
72
2 layers of dermis
Papillary layer
| Reticular layer
73
Thinner layer of dermis
Papillary layer
74
Nipple like projections from dermis towards epidermis
Dermal papillae
75
Rete pegs aka
Epithelial ridges
76
Mechanoreceptor in the DERMIS responsible for LIGHT TOUCH sensation
Meissner corpuscles
77
Nipple like projections from EPIDERMIS to DERMIS (seen in Epidermis)
Rete pegs or epithelial ridges
78
Other name for Meissner corpuscles
Corpuscles of Touch
79
Disease assoc with SAW TOOTH LIKE rete pegs
Lichen planus
80
White lesion common in Buccal mucosa can't be rubbed off with clinical appearance= "Wickham's striae"
Lichen planus
81
White lesion that can be rubbed off
Candiasis
82
Causative agent of candiasis
Candida albicans
83
DOC for candidiasis
Nystatin(antifungal)
84
White lesion= Pre cancerous and cant be rubbed off.
Leukoplakia
85
White lesion disappears when stretched also assoc with accumulation of fluid.
Leukoedema
86
Thicker layer of dermis
Reticular layer
87
Reticular layer is attached to what layer
Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
88
MAJOR NUTRIENT SUPPLIER for the skin
Reticular layer of Dermis
89
Mechanoreceptor found in Papillary layer of dermis
Meissner corpuscles
90
Mechanoreceptors found in Reticular layer of Dermis
Ruffini's corpuscle or Bulbous Corpuscle
| End bulb of Krause
91
Mechanoreceptor for HOT ("Ruffa")
Ruffini's corpuscles
92
What cells are in the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Adipocytes (shape: signet ring)
93
Other name for Ruffini's corpuscles
Bulbous corpuscles
94
Mechanoreceptor for stretch ("Luffi-one piece")
Ruffini's corpuscles
95
Mechanoreceptor for cold ("Santa Clause-winter")
End bulb of Krause
96
Mechanoreceptor for pressure ("pasan nya") and proprioception
Pacinian corpuscles
97
Onion shaped mechanoreceptor
Pacinian corpuscle
98
Onion skin rx appearance
Ewing's sarcoma
99
Detects BODY POSITIONS; Main receptor for proprioception found in joints
Proprioceptors
100
2 Mechanoreceptors for PAIN
Nociceptors and Free nerve endings
101
Other term for scar
Cicatrix
102
Type of collagen present in SCAR
Type 1 collagen
103
Sunken scar or depressed scar
Atrophic
104
Slightly elevated scar
Hypertrophic
105
Excessively elevated scar
Keloid
106
Other term for freckles
Ephelides or Ephelis
107
Freckles is composed of
Melanin
108
Melanocyte overgrowth
Mole or nevus
109
Most dangerous type of Nevus
Junctional nevus
110
Most common type of nevus that transforms to malignant melanoma
Junctional nevus
111
Deadliest skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
112
Red protein (composed of RBC) that carries OXYGEN
Hemoglobin
113
Normal count of hemoglobin (average)
14g/dL
114
Normal hb for females
12-14g/dL
115
Normal hb for males
14-16g/dL
116
Responsible for orange pigment and for Vitamin A or retinol production
Carotene
117
Hemoglobin is component of what blood cell
RBC
118
Vit impt for vision
Vit A
119
Other name of Vit A
Retinol
120
Night blindness because of def in vit A
Nyctalopia
121
Keratin buildup or mole in the eyes due to lack of Vit A
Bitot's spot
122
Vit impt for energy production (muscle/nerve)
Vit b1
123
Other name for Vit B1
Thiamine
124
Dse assoc with Vit B1 Deficiency
Beri beri
125
Vit impt for growth, RBC production, and MIGRAINES
Vit B2
126
Other name of VIT B2
Riboflavin
127
Deficiency in Vit B2
Angular cheilitis
128
Other term for angular cheilitis
Perleche
129
Vit impt for digestion
Vit B3
130
Other name for Vit B3
Niacin / Nicotinic Acid
131
Vit B3 deficiency (4Ds)
Pellagra: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death
132
Vit B4
Adenine
133
Vit B5
Pantothenic Acid
134
Vit B6
Pyridoxine
135
Vit B7
Biotin
136
Vit B8
Inositol
137
Vit impt for PREGNANCY and Rbc production
Vit B9
138
Vit B9
Folic acid
139
Deficiency in Vit B9
Megaloblastic anemia
140
Vit B10
PABA Para amino benzoic acid
141
Vit B11
Salicylic acid
142
Vit B12
Cyanocobalamin
143
Vit B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
144
Disease Assoc with beefy tongue
Pernicious anemia
145
3 vitamins impt for RBC production
Vit B2, B9, B12
146
Vit impt in COLLAGEN PRODUCTION, promotes wound healing and maintains healthy tissue
Vit C
147
Vit C
Ascorbic acid
148
Vit C deficiency
Scurvy
149
Vit impt for calcium absorption
Vit D
150
2 other names of Vit D
Calciferol
| Sunshine vitamin
151
Vit D def in children
Rickets
152
Vit D def in adults
Osteomalacia
153
Vit that is an Antioxidant for RBC
Vit E
154
Vit E
Tocopherol
155
Vit impt for CLOTTING
Vit K
156
Where is vit K produced?
LIVER
157
Def in Vit K can result to
Bleeding tendency
158
Absence of melanin
Albinism
159
Deficient melanin
Vitiligo
160
Bluish skin color due to inadequate oxygen
Cyanosis
161
Blue baby syndrome is seen in 3 conditions
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Congenital heart defects
Methemoglobinemia
162
Rh incompatibility resulting to cyanosis happens in 2nd baby: plasma cells of mother produces Antibodies against Rh+ baby
Erythroblastosis fetalis
163
Erythroblastosis fetalis is what type of Anemia
Hemolytic anemia
164
Loss of blood flow
Shock
165
Skin color due to shock or anemia, dec blood supply in the area
Pallor
166
Cells responsible for hair growth
Hair matrix cells
167
Smooth muscle for goosebumps
Arrector pili muscle
168
Nerve fibers responsible for touch sensation to hair
Hair root plexus
169
Partial or complete loss of hair
Alopecia
170
DOC or Tx for baldness
Minoxidil
171
Due to abnormal androgens causing baldness
Androgenic alopecia
172
A male sex hormone that promotes hair growth
Androgens
173
"baby hair"
Lanugo
174
Excess hair growth in LOCALIZED area
Hirsutism
175
GENERALIZED hair growth
Hypertrichosis
176
Hypertrichosis is aka
Werewolf man or syndrome
177
Secretes sebum to prevent water from evaporating from skin
Sebaceous glands
178
Aka sweat glands
Sudoriferous glands
179
2 types of sweat glands or sudoriferous glands
Eccrine
| Apocrine
180
Sweat glands found throughout the body
Eccrine glands
181
Sweat glands found in the axilla, areola, inguinal
Apocrine glands
182
Secretes cerumen - ear wax
Ceruminous glands
183
How many minutes of sun exposure needed per day (Vit D)
15mins/day
184
Waxy material in the Ear that protects the ear drum
Cerumen
185
Probing force
10-25g
186
Technique for probing
Walking technique
187
Molecule in the skin impt in vit D synthesis which is activated by UV
7-dehydrocholesterol
188
LIVER converts Activated molecule (7-dehydrocholesterol) into
Calcidiol (inactive)
189
Kidney converts Calcidiol into
Calcitriol
190
Active form of vit D which allows calcium absorption in GIT
Calcitriol
191
Vit D or Ca def AFTER closure of epiphyseal plate (adults)
Osteomalacia
192
Vit D/Ca def BEFORE closure of Epiphyseal plate (children)
Rickets
193
2 conditions assoc with BOWLEG'S
Rickets and Congenital Syphilis
194
Other name for Rickets
Saber shin (tibia)
195
Vit D2 ("2C")
ergoCalCiferol
196
Vit D3 ("3C")
CholeCalCiferol
197
Vit D2 and D3 active or inactive?
Inactive
198
Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays (UV);
| Sun allergy
Photosensitivity
199
Most common skin cancer located in the MIDFACE
Basal cell carcinoma
200
Drugs assoc with photosensitivity (side effects)
| "TIN"
Tetracyclines
Ibuprofen - advil, medicol
Naproxen - flanax
201
Chronic skin lesion located in the inner canthus of the eye (in the midface) what possible tumor associated?
Basal cell carcinoma
202
Is basal cell carcinoma benign or malignant?
Malignant (capable to metastasize) but behavior is benign (not aggressive or slow growing)
203
Suffix for benign tumors
-oma
204
4 Exceptions for -oma that are MALIGNANT
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Multiple myeloma
Neuroblastoma
205
Suffix for Malignant ; epithelial origin
-carcinoma
206
Suffix for malignant; mesenchymal origin
-sarcoma
207
2nd most common skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
208
Most common skin cancer in the ORAL CAVITY
Scc
209
Most common site of SCC in oral cavity
Posterolateral border of tongue
210
Histologic charac of SCC
Keratin pearls
211
Deadliest skin cancer because of High metastatic rate
Melanoma
212
Aka "farmer's carcinoma"
Basal cell carcinoma
213
2 routes of metastasis
Blood vessels
| Lymph vessels
214
Malignant Cancer of lymphocytes
Lymphoma
215
Malignant cancer of melanocytes
Melanoma
216
Malignant cancer of plasma cells
Multiple myeloma
217
Rx app of Multiple myeloma
Punched out appearance
218
Malignant cancer of ADRENAL GLANDS common i. Children
Neuroblastoma
219
Clinical features of Melanoma ("ABCDE")
```
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (changes in size, shape, color)
```
220
2 growth patterns of Melanoma
Radial and vertical
221
Horizontal growth pattern of Melanoma
Radial growth
222
Deadly growth pattern of melanoma
Vertical growth
223
used in grading Burns
Rule of 9
224
Most common site of Neuroblastoma
Adrenal glands
225
Fluid filled in epidermis to dermis
Blister
226
Large blister with fluid (>5mm)
Bula/Bulllae
227
Small blister with fluid (<5mm)
Vesicle
228
Fluid filled but with developed EPITHELIAL WALL
Cyst
229
Lining of cysts
Stratified squamous
230
Lining of residual cyst
Stratified squamous
231
Lining of radicular cyst
Stratified squamous
232
Elevation of skin <10mm
Papule
233
>10mm in diameter
Nodule
234
Reddened, elevated, itchy patches of skin, seen in allergic rxns
Hives
235
"Pruritus"
Itching
236
Assoc with Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Wart
237
Lining of primordial cyst
Stratified squamous
238
"Common wart"
Verruca vulgaris
239
What cellular junctions are attacked by Pemphigus vulgaris
Desmosomes
240
Sloughing off seen in Pemphigus vulgaris
Nikolsky sign
241
Separation of cells in histology
Acantholysis
242
Largest system of the body
Integumentary system
