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d b review > 13. Nervous System (Injuries/Disorders) > Flashcards

13. Nervous System (Injuries/Disorders) Flashcards

1
Q

Least severe nerve injury: Damage of MYELIN SHEATH resulting to temporary loss of nerve function but reversible

A

Neuropraxia

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2
Q

Nerve injuries that are capable of regeneration

A

Neuropraxia

Axonotmesis

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3
Q

Nerve injury WITHOUT wallerian degeneration

A

Neuropraxia

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4
Q

Nerve injuries WITH wallerian degeneration

A

Axonotmesis

Neurotmesis

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5
Q

Nerve injury NOT CAPABLE of regenerating (rate: nerve grafts can be used)

A

Neurotmesis

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6
Q

Damage of AXON and MYELIN SHEATH (Naputol ung axon)

A

Axonotmesis

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7
Q

Most severe nerve injury

Damage of EPI/PERI/ENDONEURIUM

A

Neurotmesis

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8
Q

What part of the nerve is degenerated in axonotmesis

A

Distal segment of axon

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9
Q

Outermost layer of axon

A

Epineurium

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10
Q

Middle layer of axon

A

Perineurium

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11
Q

Innermost layer of axon

A

Endoneurium

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12
Q

Average nerve regeneration

A

1.0-1.5mm/day

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13
Q

Beq: Average nerve regeneration for 30days

A

30-45mm/day
301 /// 301.5

Boards: 28mm/30days!

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14
Q

PNS neuroglia that provides structural support

A

Satellite cells

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15
Q

Largest nerve fiber

A

A fibers

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16
Q

Smallest nerve fiber

A

C fibers

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17
Q

Nerve fiber with FASTEST nerve conduction

A

A fibers

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18
Q

Nerve fiber with SLOWEST nerve conduction

A

C fibers

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19
Q

Myelinated nerve fibers

A

A and B fibers

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20
Q

Unmyelinated nerve fiber

A

C fibers

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21
Q

Specific nerve fiber for touch

A

A beta fibers

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22
Q

Specific nerve fiber for FAST SHARP PAIN

A

A Delta (“Dolor=Pain”)

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23
Q

Nerve fibers for sensations from Visceral organs

A

B fibers (Visceral - “B” “V”)

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24
Q

Nerve fibers for SLOW DULL PAIN

A

C fibers (“C-low”)

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25
Neurotransmitters that CREATES action potential | - allows entry of CA+IONS (Na+)
Excitatory nt
26
Neurotransmitters that PREVENT action potential | - allows entry of ANIONS (Cl-)
Inhibitory nt
27
What type of nt is DOPAMINE (mood)
Excitatory nt 😊
28
What type of nt is DOPAMINE (in MOTOR neurons)
Inhibitory nt
29
5 examples of EXCITATORY nt
``` GADoNS Glutamate Ach Dopamine (mood) Norepi Serotonin ```
30
4 examples of inhibitory nt
Melatonin Dopamine (motor) Glycine GABA
31
Most common inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA | Gamma-amino butyric acid
32
3 ways for REMOVAL or inactivation of Neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft
Diffusion Enzymatic degradation Reuptake by cells
33
Breaks down Ach
Acetylcholinesterase
34
Breaks down monoamines
Catecholamine enzymes
35
Excessive DOPAMINE and serotonin
Schizophrenia
36
Doc for schizophrenia
Antipsychotic drugs
37
Side effect of antipsychotic drugs
Tardive dyskinesia
38
Reduced DOPAMINE
Parkinson’s Disease
39
4 drugs in tx parkinson’s
Levadopa Stimulants (DoNES) Anticholinergic Mao-I
40
Abnormal synchronous electrical discharge from neurons; Most common cause is brain damage at birth
Epilepsy
41
Abnormal firing of neurons = tremors
Seizure
42
Absence seizure (no tremors)
Petitmal seizure
43
Doc for epilepsy
Antiepileptic drugs: Benzodiazepines - Diazepam : Valium Diphenylhydantoin - phenytoin : Dilantin sodium
44
Side effect of phenytoin or dilantin sodium
Gingival hyperplasia
45
Drugs that alters reaction to local irritants like Calculus resulting to GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
Phenytoin/Dilantin sodium Hormonal pills Nifedipine(amlodipine:hypertnsn) Cyclosporins
46
Treatment for Gingival hyperplasia
Gingivectomy
47
Malignant tumor of the adrenal glands
Neuroblastoma
48
Destruction of myelin sheath in the CNS
Multiple sclerosis
49
Destruction of myelin sheath in PNS
Guillan-Bare syndrome (GBS-PNS)
50
Degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord resulting to muscle weakness and atrophy - Motor neurons : movt = Paralysis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
51
Other name of ALS
Lou Gehrig’s Disease
52
COD of pxs with ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease
Respiratory depression | - bec of degeneration of motor neurons in Diaphragm
53
Loss of hearing due to aging | “Hearing after 40s”
Presbycusis
54
Loss of visual acuity due to aging | - “Vision after 40s”)
Presbyopia
55
Reduced salivary production / reduced amylase
Aptyalia
56
Dry mouth
Xerostomia
57
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
58
Absence of muscle coordination
Ataxia
59
Inability to speak and comprehend words
Aphasia
60
Loss of smell sensations | damage to CN I
Anosmia
61
Blind | - (damage to CN II)
Anopia
62
Abnormal fixation of eyes | Damaged: CN 3/4/6
Strabismus
63
Pupil inwards
Esotropia
64
Pupil outwards
Exotropia
65
Vision is above the pupil
HyperTROPIA
66
Vision is below the pupil
HypoTROPIA
67
Double vision | - (Damaged CN IV)
Diplopia
68
Sharp pain : damaged CN V
Tic douloureux
69
Doc for tic douloureux or trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
70
Damage to CN VII
Bell’s palsy
71
Wandering eye | - (damaged: CN 3/4/6/8)
Nystagmus
72
Dizziness; rotating environment | - (damaged to CN VIII)
Vertigo
73
Ringing of the ear | - (damaged CN VIII)
Tinnitus
74
Loss of taste sensation | Damage to CN 7/9/10
Ageusia
75
Drooping eyelid
Ptosis
76
Downward and retraction of tongue; may cause airway obstruction
Glossoptosis
77
Difficulty in speaking
Dysarthria
78
Tachycardia and dysphagia - damage in what CN?
Cn X
79
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius paralysis - damage to what nerve?
Damage to CN XI

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