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d b review > 21. Microbio: Viral/Fungal/Parasitic Pathology > Flashcards

21. Microbio: Viral/Fungal/Parasitic Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Virus can either be

A

RNA or DNA but NEVER BOTH!

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2
Q

BQ: Virus common to produce latent (recurrence) infections

A

Herpes viruses

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3
Q

Herpes virus in Oral cavity (dormant in CN V)

A

HSV Type I

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4
Q

Primary lesion of HSV Type 1

- small mouth ulcerations associated with fever and malaise

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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5
Q

Secondary lesion of HSV Type 1

- lip ulcerations

A

Herpes labialis

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6
Q

Type of HSV in genitals (dormant in sacral ganglia)

A

HSV Type 2 - genital: Sacral ganglia

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7
Q

DNA virus dormant in salivary glands

A

Cytomegalovirus

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8
Q

Dna virus assoc with “BIHHN”

A 
EBV: Epstein Barr Virus
“BIHHN”
- Burkitts lymphoma
- Infectious mononucleosis 💋
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Hairy leukoplakia
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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9
Q

“non hodgkin’s lymphoma”

  • B lymphocyte malignancy
  • Has african endemic variant
A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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10
Q

(Kissing’s/mono) transferred through saliva. Caused by EBV and Cytomegalovirus

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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11
Q

Histologic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Reed-sternberg cells (enlarged lymphocytes)

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12
Q

White patches on tongue caused by EBV

A

Hairy leukoplakia

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13
Q

Carcinoma on the nasopharynx

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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14
Q

Virus dormant in the posterior root (sensory) ganglia of spinal cord

A

Varicella zoster virus

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15
Q

Causative agent of Chicken pox

A

Varicella zoster

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16
Q

Causative agent of Shingles

A

Herpes zoster

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17
Q

Recurrent chicken pox

A

Shingles

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18
Q

Chicken pox is commonly assoc with what disease that is characterized with HEPATOTOXICITY and ENCEPHALITIS

A

Reye’s syndrome

- hepatotoxicity and encephalitis

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19
Q

Lesions in shingles typically follow a ___ which is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

A

Shingles : DERMATOME

Lesions are localized

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20
Q

Causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HHV 8: Human herpes virus 8

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21
Q

One of the LARGEST and most complex vieus known but it is completely irradicated

A

Small pox / Variola

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22
Q

Histologic inclusion bodies of Smallpox/Variola

A

Guarneri Bodies

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23
Q

Virus that causes pharyngitis, pneumonia and conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

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24
Q

Causes warts and cervical cancer

A

HPV: Human papilloma virus

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25
Q

Smallest double stranded DNA virus

A

Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus)

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26
Q

Causes Hepatitis B

A

Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus)

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27
Q

BQ: Incubation period of Hepa B

A

6 to 8 weeks

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28
Q

BQ: Only hepatitis virus that has DNA genome

A

Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus)

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29
Q

BQ: Most difficult microorg to be eliminated in sterilization (2)

A

**Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus) - most difficult to!!!

Pero difficult din yung SPORES (bacillus/clostridium)

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30
Q

Enzyme used by Hepadnavirus/Hepa B virus to allow viral replication

A

Reverse transcriptase

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31
Q

Vira antigen of Hepa B detected in serum during blood test

A

HBsAg

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32
Q

2 viral antigens of Hepatitis B

A

HBsAg - Hepa B surface antigen(more impt bec it can be detected in blood test)

HBcAg - Hepa B core antigen

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33
Q

Antibodies for Hepa B

A

HBsAb

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34
Q

Picornavirus

A

Hepa A

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35
Q

HepaDNAvirus

A

Hepa B

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36
Q

Flavivirus

A

Hepa C

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37
Q

Delta virus

A

Hepa D

–bago ka mag ka Hepa D dapat ngka hepa B ka muna

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38
Q

Calicivirus

A

Hepa E

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39
Q

Type of Hepatitis: Enteral (Fecal-oral) mode of transmission

A

Hepa A and E

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40
Q

Type of hepatitis with Parenteral and Sexual contact mode of transmission

A

Hepa B/C/D

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41
Q

RNA virus that causes rabies

A

Rabies virus - (Rhabdoviridae)

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42
Q

Histologic intracytoplasmic bodies of Rabies virus

A

Negri bodies

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43
Q

Transmission of rabies virus

A

Rabid animal bite

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44
Q

Disease caused by Poliovirus
Transmission: Fecal - oral
Affects anterior horn of spinal cord - MOTOR (“SPAM”)

A

Poliomyelitis - Poliovirus

Muscle paralysis: ant horn affected=motor

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45
Q

Causative agent of common cold

A

Rhinovirus

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46
Q

Coxsackie A causes ulcers in the posterior of oral cavity which is called

A

Herpangina - Coxsackie A

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47
Q

2 Diseases assoc with Coxsackie A

A

Herpangina

Hand foor mouth disease

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48
Q

BQ: Causes FLU and Adult Viral Pneumonia

A

Influenza virus

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49
Q

Influenza virus contains spikes (2)

A

*neuramidase and hemagglutinin

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50
Q

Treatment for Flu and Adult viral pneumonia

A

Amantadine and Rimantidine

To prevent viral multiplication

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51
Q

BQ: Dse associated with koplik spots

A

Rubeola or measles

1 L = 1 word

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52
Q

Whitish lesion surrounded by bluish red areola assoc with Rubeola

A

Koplik spots

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53
Q

Causative agent of Rubeola

A

Paramyxovirus

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54
Q

BQ: Causes Rubella or german measles

A

Togavirus

Gumraduate ung german

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55
Q

“German measles”

A

Rubella

2 L = 2 words

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56
Q

Complication assoc with Rubella or german measles

A

Congenital defects: deafness/microcephaly

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57
Q

BQ: paRRMyxoviruses

A

Rubeola
Respiratory synctial virus
Mumps

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58
Q

Causes viral pneumonia in INFANTS

A

Respiratory Synctial virus

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59
Q

Causes viral pneumonia in ADULTS

A

Influenza virus (orthomyxovirus)

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60
Q

Swelling of parotid gland (parotitis)

A

Mumps

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61
Q

2 Complications of mumps

A

Orchitis - inflammation of testes (assoc with sterility: must occur before or after pubertal; if during HIGH RISK)
Oophoritis - inflammation of ovaries

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62
Q

“Live attenuated” vaccine for MMR

A

MMR vaccine

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63
Q

Type of Vaccine used for tx of MMR using DEAD virus

A

Salk vaccine (sinalksalk 🔪)

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64
Q

Type of vaccine used for tx of MMR using alive but WEAKENED virus

A

Sabin vaccine - (save)

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65
Q

Most common cause of GASTROENTERITIS in children <2y/o

A

Rotavirus (from Reoviruses)

66
Q

5 types of Flavivirus

A 
Dengue virus
Yellow fever
Zika virus
West nile virus
Hepatitis C virus
67
Q

Attacks bone marrow cells resulting to LEUKOPENIA (⬇️Wbc) and THROMBOCYTOPENIA (⬇️platelets)

A

Dengue virus

68
Q

Capillary fragility test

A 
Tourniquet test
(Positive= petechiae)
69
Q

Virus that attacks lover resulting to YELLOWing of the skin

A

Yellow fever

70
Q

Histologic inclusion bodies seen in YELLOW fever

A

Councilman bodies

71
Q

Assoc with Guillian-Barre syndrome

- causes microcephaly and encephalitis

A

Zika virus

72
Q

Degeneration of Myelin sheath in PNS

A

Guillian-Barre syndrome

73
Q

Degeneration of myelin sheath in CNS

A

Multiple sclerosis

74
Q

Type of retrovirus that causes AIDS

A

Lentivirus

75
Q

Diseases assoc with Lentivirus or AIDS

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
White hairy leukoplakia
Pneumonia

76
Q

Tests for DX of HIV

A 
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay)
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Northern blot
Southern blot
Western blot
77
Q

Rna blot test

A

Northern blot test

78
Q

Dna blot test

A

Southern blot

79
Q

BQ: Detect HIV proteins

A

Western blot

80
Q

BQ: Common viral infections with maculopapular rash and blisters

A

Smallpox
Chickenpox
Measles or rubeola
German measles or rubella

81
Q

Fluid filled lesion <5mm

A

Vesicle

82
Q

Fluid filled lesion >5mm

A

Bullae

83
Q

Elevated skin; <1mm

A

Papule

84
Q

Elevated skin; >1cm

A

Nodule

85
Q

Lesion containing pus

A

Pustules

86
Q

Causative agent of MONO

A

EBV

87
Q

Due to dermatophytes

A

Dermatomycosis

88
Q

Dermatophytes (TME)

A

TrichoPHYTON
Microsporum
EpidermoPHYTON

89
Q

Athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

90
Q

Tinea in Scalp (head)

A

Tinea capitis

91
Q

Jock itch; groin

A

Tinea cruris (CROIN)

92
Q

Tinea in nails

A

Tinea unguium

93
Q

Tinea in general body surface

A

Tinea corporis

94
Q

Painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, breast, GIT Caused by Actinomyces sp

A

Actinomycosis

Actinomycetes:gram+ and fungi

95
Q

Caused by histoplasmosis capsulatum; involves reticuloendothelial system

A

Histoplasmosis

96
Q

“valley fever” or “San joaquin fever”

A

Coccidiodomycosis

97
Q

Coccidiodomycosis is caused by

A

Coccidioides immitis

98
Q

“Thrush or moniliasis”

Fungal infection due to candida albicans

A

Candidiasis

99
Q

DOC for candidiasis

A

Nystatin

100
Q

Most common cause of mycotic meningitis

Fungal infection in meninges of the brain

A

Cryptococcosis

101
Q

Mycotic infection involving lungs, skin, etc

A

Blastomycosis

102
Q

Amoebiasis is caused by

A

Entamoeba histolytica

103
Q

Produces “bloody diarrhea”

A

Amoebiasis

- (amoeba penetrates large intestine resulting to bleeding)

104
Q

BQ: Treatment for Amoebiasis for anaerobes and protozoa

A

Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim*: boards)

105
Q

Doc for amoebiasis for anaerobes only

A

Metronidazole

106
Q

Caused by plasmodium
Vector: female anopheles mosquito
Attacks LIVER

A

Malaria

107
Q

Tx for MALARIA (3)

A

Quinine
Quinolone
Tetracyclines

108
Q

Caused by Toxoplasma gondii (raw/uncooked food)

A

Toxoplasmosis

109
Q

Causative agent for Pneumocytosis

A

Pneumocystis carinii or jirovecii

pneumonia

110
Q

Inflammation of vagina, prostate or urethra caused by trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trichomoniasis

111
Q

BQ: painful ulcers in mouth “px doesn’t want to eat” or “difficulty in eating”

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

112
Q

2 Viruses assoc with “mono” or infectious mononucleosis or kissing’s disease

A

Cytomegalovirus

EBV - more common!!!! Choose this sa boards

113
Q

Aka “kissing’s disease”

A

Infectious MONOnucleosis

- because cytomegalovirus is transmitted thru saliva

114
Q

Histologic appearance of CytoMEGAlovirus

A

Owl’s eye (Mega= malaki)

115
Q

5 diseases assoc with EBV

A 
Burkitts lymphoma
Inf mono
Hodgkins lymphoma
Hairy leukoplakia
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
116
Q

BQ: lymphoma with “AFRICAN VARIANT”

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

117
Q

Histologic appearance of Burkitt’s lymphomA

A

Starry sky

118
Q

Differential diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia

A

Candidiasis

White mucous patches of secondary syphilis

119
Q

Herpesviridae family 5

A 
Herpes simplex virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein barr virus
Varicella zoster virus
Human herpes virus 8
120
Q

Recurrent lesion of varicella zoster virus

A

Shingles

121
Q

Complication associated with SHINGLES

A

Permanent paresthesia (sensory:posterior root)

122
Q

Formula to have Reye’s syndrome

A

Must be a CHILD
Any viral infection
Aspirin (anticoagulant to; pero anti pyretic din ito lng gngmt dati pag may fever)

123
Q

Malignancy of immunocompromised patients

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

124
Q

Viruses (2) assoc with kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HIV and HHV8

125
Q

“Common wart”

A

Verruca vulgaris

126
Q

DNA VIRUSES (BQ:except)

A
  1. Herpes viridae family (HSV1/2; cyto; ebv;varicella zoster; HHV8)
  2. Smallpox/ variola
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Human papilloma virus
  5. Hepadnavirus (hepaB virus)
127
Q

BQ: Other term for hepatitis B

A

Serum hepatitis or Dane particle

128
Q

DNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase during viral replication

A

Hepa B

129
Q

RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase that allows viral replication

A

HIV

130
Q

BQ: “Australian antigen”

A

HBsAg

131
Q

BQ: Incubation period of Hepa A

A

2-6weeks

132
Q

“Bullet shaped virus”

A

Rabies virus

133
Q

Verocay bodies

A

Schwannoma

134
Q

BQ: ulcers in soft palate and pharynx

A

Herpangina

135
Q

BQ: “summer illness”

A

Herpangina

136
Q

Family of influenza virus

A

Orthomyxovirus

137
Q

BQ: PaRRaMyxoviruses

A

Rubeola
Respiratory synctial virus
Mumps

138
Q

Vector of flavivirus

A

Aedes aegypti

139
Q

Only flavivirus not transmitted by aedes aegypti

A

Hepa C (parenteral; sexual contact)

140
Q

Specie of lentivirus

A

HIV

141
Q

BQ: More accurate test in diagnosing HIV

A

Western blot - go for this sa boards

142
Q

BQ: “fluid filled lesion” (no size indicated)

A

Bullae - go for this

143
Q

BQ: family of HIV

A

Retrovirus

144
Q

BQ: Disease assoc with HIV

A

AIDS

145
Q

BQ: transmission of HIV

A

Blood borne; genitals (anal!!)

146
Q

“Ring worm”

A

Tinea

147
Q

BQ: “fungal infection” that resembles TB

A

Histoplasmosis

148
Q

2 disease assoc with COIN LESION

A

Tb

Histoplasmosis

149
Q

2 diseases that resembles TB

A

Histoplasmosis

Coccidiodomycosis

150
Q

Meninges(3)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

151
Q

Temporary storage of CSF

A

Subarachnoid space

152
Q

BQ: “pathologic space”

A

Subdural space

Because it is assoc with TRAUMA, DEATH, INFECTION

153
Q

BQ: Bactrim generic name (combination of what drugs?)

A

Co-trimoxazole = sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

154
Q

Vector of Malaria

A

Female anopheles mosquito

155
Q

BQ: “anti malarial drugs”

A

Quinine and Quinolone

156
Q

BQ: Antimalarial Drug derived from Quinine

A

Quinolone

157
Q

BQ: anti arrythmic drug

A

Quinidine

158
Q

BEQ: A px w difficulty in eating / ayaw kumain has?

A

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

159
Q

Other name for TYPE II - Genitals

A

Cold Sores

160
Q

Other name for Cytomegalovirus

A

Owls Eye

161
Q

Molluscum contagiousum is caused by?

A

POX VIRUS/SMALL POX/VARIOLA

162
Q

Enlargement of Lymph Nodes:

A

Infection
Lymphoma
Cystic Lymphoma

d b review (38 decks)

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