21. Microbio: Viral/Fungal/Parasitic Pathology Flashcards by Ch Mora

Virus can either be

RNA or DNA but NEVER BOTH!

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BQ: Virus common to produce latent (recurrence) infections

Herpes viruses

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Herpes virus in Oral cavity (dormant in CN V)

HSV Type I

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Primary lesion of HSV Type 1

- small mouth ulcerations associated with fever and malaise

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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Secondary lesion of HSV Type 1

- lip ulcerations

Herpes labialis

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Type of HSV in genitals (dormant in sacral ganglia)

HSV Type 2 - genital: Sacral ganglia

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DNA virus dormant in salivary glands

Cytomegalovirus

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Dna virus assoc with “BIHHN”

EBV: Epstein Barr Virus
“BIHHN”
- Burkitts lymphoma
- Infectious mononucleosis 💋
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Hairy leukoplakia
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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“non hodgkin’s lymphoma”

B lymphocyte malignancy
Has african endemic variant

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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(Kissing’s/mono) transferred through saliva. Caused by EBV and Cytomegalovirus

Infectious mononucleosis

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Histologic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Reed-sternberg cells (enlarged lymphocytes)

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White patches on tongue caused by EBV

Hairy leukoplakia

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Carcinoma on the nasopharynx

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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Virus dormant in the posterior root (sensory) ganglia of spinal cord

Varicella zoster virus

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Causative agent of Chicken pox

Varicella zoster

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Causative agent of Shingles

Herpes zoster

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Recurrent chicken pox

Shingles

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Chicken pox is commonly assoc with what disease that is characterized with HEPATOTOXICITY and ENCEPHALITIS

Reye’s syndrome

- hepatotoxicity and encephalitis

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Lesions in shingles typically follow a ___ which is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

Shingles : DERMATOME

Lesions are localized

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Causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma

HHV 8: Human herpes virus 8

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One of the LARGEST and most complex vieus known but it is completely irradicated

Small pox / Variola

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Histologic inclusion bodies of Smallpox/Variola

Guarneri Bodies

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Virus that causes pharyngitis, pneumonia and conjunctivitis

Adenovirus

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Causes warts and cervical cancer

HPV: Human papilloma virus

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Smallest double stranded DNA virus

Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus)

Causes Hepatitis B

Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus)

BQ: Incubation period of Hepa B

6 to 8 weeks

BQ: Only hepatitis virus that has DNA genome

Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus)

BQ: Most difficult microorg to be eliminated in sterilization (2)

**Hepadnavirus (Hepa B virus) - most difficult to!!! Pero difficult din yung SPORES (bacillus/clostridium)

Enzyme used by Hepadnavirus/Hepa B virus to allow viral replication

Reverse transcriptase

Vira antigen of Hepa B detected in serum during blood test

HBsAg

2 viral antigens of Hepatitis B

HBsAg - Hepa B surface antigen(more impt bec it can be detected in blood test) HBcAg - Hepa B core antigen

Antibodies for Hepa B

HBsAb

Picornavirus

Hepa A

HepaDNAvirus

Hepa B

Flavivirus

Hepa C

Delta virus

Hepa D | --bago ka mag ka Hepa D dapat ngka hepa B ka muna

Calicivirus

Hepa E

Type of Hepatitis: Enteral (Fecal-oral) mode of transmission

Hepa A and E

Type of hepatitis with Parenteral and Sexual contact mode of transmission

Hepa B/C/D

RNA virus that causes rabies

Rabies virus - (Rhabdoviridae)

Histologic intracytoplasmic bodies of Rabies virus

Negri bodies

Transmission of rabies virus

Rabid animal bite

Disease caused by Poliovirus Transmission: Fecal - oral Affects anterior horn of spinal cord - MOTOR (“SPAM”)

Poliomyelitis - Poliovirus | Muscle paralysis: ant horn affected=motor

Causative agent of common cold

Rhinovirus

Coxsackie A causes ulcers in the posterior of oral cavity which is called

Herpangina - Coxsackie A

2 Diseases assoc with Coxsackie A

Herpangina | Hand foor mouth disease

BQ: Causes FLU and Adult Viral Pneumonia

Influenza virus

Influenza virus contains spikes (2)

*neuramidase and hemagglutinin

Treatment for Flu and Adult viral pneumonia

Amantadine and Rimantidine | To prevent viral multiplication

BQ: Dse associated with koplik spots

Rubeola or measles | 1 L = 1 word

Whitish lesion surrounded by bluish red areola assoc with Rubeola

Koplik spots

Causative agent of Rubeola

Paramyxovirus

BQ: Causes Rubella or german measles

Togavirus | Gumraduate ung german

“German measles”

Rubella | 2 L = 2 words

Complication assoc with Rubella or german measles

Congenital defects: deafness/microcephaly

BQ: paRRMyxoviruses

Rubeola Respiratory synctial virus Mumps

Causes viral pneumonia in INFANTS

Respiratory Synctial virus

Causes viral pneumonia in ADULTS

Influenza virus (orthomyxovirus)

Swelling of parotid gland (parotitis)

Mumps

2 Complications of mumps

Orchitis - inflammation of testes (assoc with sterility: must occur before or after pubertal; if during HIGH RISK) Oophoritis - inflammation of ovaries

“Live attenuated” vaccine for MMR

MMR vaccine

Type of Vaccine used for tx of MMR using DEAD virus

Salk vaccine (sinalksalk 🔪)

Type of vaccine used for tx of MMR using alive but WEAKENED virus

Sabin vaccine - (save)

Most common cause of GASTROENTERITIS in children <2y/o

Rotavirus (from Reoviruses)

5 types of Flavivirus

``` Dengue virus Yellow fever Zika virus West nile virus Hepatitis C virus ```

Attacks bone marrow cells resulting to LEUKOPENIA (⬇️Wbc) and THROMBOCYTOPENIA (⬇️platelets)

Dengue virus

Capillary fragility test

``` Tourniquet test (Positive= petechiae) ```

Virus that attacks lover resulting to YELLOWing of the skin

Yellow fever

Histologic inclusion bodies seen in YELLOW fever

Councilman bodies

Assoc with Guillian-Barre syndrome | - causes microcephaly and encephalitis

Zika virus

Degeneration of Myelin sheath in PNS

Guillian-Barre syndrome

Degeneration of myelin sheath in CNS

Multiple sclerosis

Type of retrovirus that causes AIDS

Lentivirus

Diseases assoc with Lentivirus or AIDS

Kaposi’s sarcoma White hairy leukoplakia Pneumonia

Tests for DX of HIV

``` ELISA (Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay) PCR (polymerase chain reaction) Northern blot Southern blot Western blot ```

Rna blot test

Northern blot test

Dna blot test

Southern blot

BQ: Detect HIV proteins

Western blot

BQ: Common viral infections with maculopapular rash and blisters

Smallpox Chickenpox Measles or rubeola German measles or rubella

Fluid filled lesion <5mm

Vesicle

Fluid filled lesion >5mm

Bullae

Elevated skin; <1mm

Papule

Elevated skin; >1cm

Nodule

Lesion containing pus

Pustules

Causative agent of MONO

EBV

Due to dermatophytes

Dermatomycosis

Dermatophytes (TME)

TrichoPHYTON Microsporum EpidermoPHYTON

Athlete’s foot

Tinea pedis

Tinea in Scalp (head)

Tinea capitis

Jock itch; groin

Tinea cruris (CROIN)

Tinea in nails

Tinea unguium

Tinea in general body surface

Tinea corporis

Painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, breast, GIT Caused by Actinomyces sp

Actinomycosis | Actinomycetes:gram+ and fungi

Caused by histoplasmosis capsulatum; involves reticuloendothelial system

Histoplasmosis

“valley fever” or “San joaquin fever”

Coccidiodomycosis

Coccidiodomycosis is caused by

Coccidioides immitis

“Thrush or moniliasis” | Fungal infection due to candida albicans

Candidiasis

DOC for candidiasis

Nystatin

Most common cause of mycotic meningitis | Fungal infection in meninges of the brain

Cryptococcosis

Mycotic infection involving lungs, skin, etc

Blastomycosis

Amoebiasis is caused by

Entamoeba histolytica

Produces “bloody diarrhea”

Amoebiasis | - (amoeba penetrates large intestine resulting to bleeding)

BQ: Treatment for Amoebiasis for anaerobes and protozoa

Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim*: boards)

Doc for amoebiasis for anaerobes only

Metronidazole

Caused by plasmodium Vector: female anopheles mosquito Attacks LIVER

Malaria

Tx for MALARIA (3)

Quinine Quinolone Tetracyclines

Caused by Toxoplasma gondii (raw/uncooked food)

Toxoplasmosis

Causative agent for Pneumocytosis

Pneumocystis carinii or jirovecii | pneumonia

Inflammation of vagina, prostate or urethra caused by trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis

BQ: painful ulcers in mouth "px doesn't want to eat" or "difficulty in eating"

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

2 Viruses assoc with "mono" or infectious mononucleosis or kissing's disease

Cytomegalovirus | EBV - more common!!!! Choose this sa boards

Aka "kissing's disease"

Infectious MONOnucleosis | - because cytomegalovirus is transmitted thru saliva

Histologic appearance of CytoMEGAlovirus

Owl's eye (Mega= malaki)

5 diseases assoc with EBV

``` Burkitts lymphoma Inf mono Hodgkins lymphoma Hairy leukoplakia Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ```

BQ: lymphoma with "AFRICAN VARIANT"

Burkitt's lymphoma

Histologic appearance of Burkitt's lymphomA

Starry sky

Differential diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia

Candidiasis | White mucous patches of secondary syphilis

Herpesviridae family 5

``` Herpes simplex virus Cytomegalovirus Epstein barr virus Varicella zoster virus Human herpes virus 8 ```

Recurrent lesion of varicella zoster virus

Shingles

Complication associated with SHINGLES

Permanent paresthesia (sensory:posterior root)

Formula to have Reye's syndrome

Must be a CHILD Any viral infection Aspirin (anticoagulant to; pero anti pyretic din ito lng gngmt dati pag may fever)

Malignancy of immunocompromised patients

Kaposi's sarcoma

Viruses (2) assoc with kaposi's sarcoma

HIV and HHV8

"Common wart"

Verruca vulgaris

DNA VIRUSES (BQ:except)

1. Herpes viridae family (HSV1/2; cyto; ebv;varicella zoster; HHV8) 2. Smallpox/ variola 3. Adenovirus 4. Human papilloma virus 5. Hepadnavirus (hepaB virus)

BQ: Other term for hepatitis B

Serum hepatitis or Dane particle

DNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase during viral replication

Hepa B

RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase that allows viral replication

HIV

BQ: "Australian antigen"

HBsAg

BQ: Incubation period of Hepa A

2-6weeks

"Bullet shaped virus"

Rabies virus

Verocay bodies

Schwannoma

BQ: ulcers in soft palate and pharynx

Herpangina

BQ: "summer illness"

Herpangina

Family of influenza virus

Orthomyxovirus

BQ: PaRRaMyxoviruses

Rubeola Respiratory synctial virus Mumps

Vector of flavivirus

Aedes aegypti

Only flavivirus not transmitted by aedes aegypti

Hepa C (parenteral; sexual contact)

Specie of lentivirus

HIV

BQ: More accurate test in diagnosing HIV

Western blot - go for this sa boards

BQ: "fluid filled lesion" (no size indicated)

Bullae - go for this

BQ: family of HIV

Retrovirus

BQ: Disease assoc with HIV

AIDS

BQ: transmission of HIV

Blood borne; genitals (anal!!)

"Ring worm"

Tinea

BQ: "fungal infection" that resembles TB

Histoplasmosis

2 disease assoc with COIN LESION

Tb | Histoplasmosis

2 diseases that resembles TB

Histoplasmosis | Coccidiodomycosis

Meninges(3)

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Temporary storage of CSF

Subarachnoid space

BQ: "pathologic space"

Subdural space | Because it is assoc with TRAUMA, DEATH, INFECTION

BQ: Bactrim generic name (combination of what drugs?)

Co-trimoxazole = sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

Vector of Malaria

Female anopheles mosquito

BQ: "anti malarial drugs"

Quinine and Quinolone

BQ: Antimalarial Drug derived from Quinine

Quinolone

BQ: anti arrythmic drug

Quinidine

BEQ: A px w difficulty in eating / ayaw kumain has?

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

Other name for TYPE II - Genitals

Cold Sores

Other name for Cytomegalovirus

Owls Eye

Molluscum contagiousum is caused by?

POX VIRUS/SMALL POX/VARIOLA

Enlargement of Lymph Nodes:

Infection Lymphoma Cystic Lymphoma

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21. Microbio: Viral/Fungal/Parasitic Pathology Flashcards

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