33. Pediatric Dentistry Flashcards
1
Q
BQ: how many teeth erupted at 16 months old?
A
12 teeth
MEMORIZE RULE OF 4
2
Q
Teeth present immediately after birth
A
Natal teeth
3
Q
Danger of natal teeth
Tx = ?
A
Mandible is hypocalcified so natal teeth (mn incisor) is mobile.
Danger of ASPIRATION!!!
Tx: EXO
4
Q
Teeth present within the “first 30 days” after birth
A
Neonatal teeth
Same with natal: dangerous
5
Q
BQ: Tetracycline staining can affect a child’s teeth until what age?
A
8 years
6
Q
BQ: What stage in nolla’s is the “START OF TOOTH ERUPTION”
A
Stage 6
7
Q
Any deciduous tooth extracted PRIOR to stage 6 will result to:
A
Delayed eruption
8
Q
Any deciduous tooth extracted AFTER or DURING stage 6 will result to:
A
Rapid extraction
9
Q
BQ: Stage of nolla’s wherein “TOOTH IS SEEN CLINICALLY”
A
Stage 8 = 2/3 root completed
10
Q
BQ: ✨
- Doesn’t resemble any teeth= UNIQUE 👏🏻
- POT BELLY app 🐷
- no Central fossa ❌
- BIG Mb cervical ridge = Pot belly 🐷
- Rounded and short DISTAL “D = ) “
- Flat and Long MESIAL
A
Primary mandibular 1st molar / Lower D ✨🐷
11
Q
BQ: ONLY ANTERIOR teeth that has a greater width that height
A
Primary maxillary cental incisors
12
Q
BQ: how many lobes does peg shaped laterals have??
A
1 to 2 lobes
Go for 1!!!!
13
Q
How many lobes in Mx 1st molars?
A
5 lobes
14
Q
Largest cusp of Mx 1st Molar?
A
MLi cusp
15
Q
All PMs = 4 lobes ; EXCEPT:
A
Mn 2nd PM = 5 lobes
16
Q
All anterior teeth: how many lobes?
A
4 lobes
17
Q
of lobes of 2nd molars
A
4 lobes
18
Q
Mother is center of his world
A
2 yrs old
19
Q
Big talker
Brief attention span
A
4 yrs old
20
Q
Loves to learn new things
Likes to dramatize things
A
8 y/o
21
Q
Increase interest in appearance
A
12 y/o
22
Q
Management for 2y/o
A
Knee to knee position
23
Q
Management for 4y/o
A
Distraction
24
Q
Management for 8y/o
A
Tell show do
25
BQ: First dental visit
Before 1st tooth erupts (before 6mos)
| Or no later than 1st bday
26
First tooth brush:
First tooth erupts
27
First flossing:
When 2 teeth are touching
28
lesions that appear in newborns:
Epstein pearls - yellow white seen in palatal or gingiva
| Bohn’s nodules
29
BQ: Whitish cyst seen in gingiva of newborn
Bohn’s nodules (newBOHNS)
30
Type of px pag may overcritical parents (naghahanap ng mali)
Timid shy bashful
31
Type of px pag may overprotective parents
Defiant
32
Spoiled brat
Incorrigible : hindi naccorrect!
33
Least ideal type of px
Fearful
34
Types of pxs for SEDATION
Px with syndromes
Fearful
Incorrigible
35
BQ: Child hides at the back of parent
| Frankl behavioral rating scale = sa boards mga situations!
F1 = no tx!!
| Definitely negative
36
Shows negative attitude but not pronounced
| ✅ Tx but Defiant (nagwawala)
F2 - negative
37
Likes and accepts the tx but CAUTIOUS (asks kung ano yan, para san yan)
F3 - positive
38
Laughing and enjoying the situation
F4 - def positive
39
Verbal praises or toys after tx
Positive reinforcement
40
Used for pxs who can understand but is defiant
| ❌ not for HANDICAPPED and VERY YOUNG children
Aversive technique or HOM
41
BQ: before any procedure ask for
Parents consent
42
BQ: Protective stabilization used for pedo pxs with cerebral palsy
Velcro straps
43
Protective stabilizations
Papoose board
| Velcro straps
44
Most common route for sedation of Pedia
Oral route
45
Most common drug for sedation of pedia
Chloral hydrate
46
BQ: Nitrous oxide produces only:
ANALGESIA ONLY
| With minimal sedation
47
Most common adverse effect of nitrous oxide
Nausea
| Another is: hypoxia
48
After administration of nitrous oxide give:
100% oxygen
49
Administering conc of N2O2
70% n2o2
| 30% o2
50
Maintaining conc of N2O2:
30% n2o2
| 70% o2
51
Type of play: no peer inv
Solitary
52
Type of play: observing others play
On looking
53
Type of play: play act along side pero wlang pansinan
Parallel play
54
Type of play: with interaction
Associative play
55
Type of play: highest form of play (w/ roles: doctor engr etc)
Cooperative
56
Tetralogy of dental caries:
Diet - high sucrose!
Host - tooth
Time - freq and duration
Microorganism - s mutans
57
which is more impt in dental caries: frequency or duration?
Frequency
58
Which is more impt in THUMBSUCKING: frequency or duration?
Duration
59
Responsible for demineralization
Lactic acid!!
60
Lactic acid is a byproduct of
Anaerobic glycolysis
(Breakdown of glucose= 2atp and 2 pyruvate
PYRUVATE: goes to anaerobic glycolysis kasi wala naman mitochondria ung bacteria hindi sya pwde sa aerobic glycolysis. End product ng anaerobic = lactic acid)
61
BQ: When you put PFS on top of caries: will it progress or arrest?
Arrest!!!
62
BQ: What is the first bacteria to colonize the mouth after birthv
Strep salivarius
63
BQ: most numerous microorganism
“Streptococcus”
64
BQ: ph of saliva
6.2 to 7.0 (weak acid) = remineralization ✅
65
BQ: initial sign of dental caries
White spots or incipient caries
| - reversible by fluoride app
66
BQ: Critical ph for demineralization
5.5 to 5.7
67
BQ: What tooth mineral is affected first when there is active caries
A. Calcium
B. Phosphate
C. Carbonate
Carbonate!!!!!
| Reversible with fluoride
68
Most effective way of fluoride therapy:
Systemic or FLUORIDATION
| Sa water
69
Fluoride therapy by dentist
Fluoridization - dentiZt
70
BQ: 2 y/o px : < 0.3ppm fluoride conc: What is the supplemental fluoride recommendation??
0.25mg
| 6mos to 3yrs = 0.25mg supp if <0.3ppm
71
Maximum absorption of fluoride is upto what age
16y/o
72
BQ: Optimal fluoride recommendation in the Philippines
A. 0.6 - 0.7
B. 0.7 - 0.8
C. 1.0 - 1.2
D. 1.2 -1.5
0.7 - 0.8
73
BQ: Fluoride can inhibit what enzymes?
Phosphatase
| Enolase (enzyme for lactic acid formation)
74
BQ: Where is the site of excretion of Fluoride?
Kidneys
75
BQ: What is the optimal fluoride concentration for public water?
0.7-1.2ppm
| Hot/cold
76
BQ: determines optimal fluoride concentration
Temperature / Climate
Hot = ⬇️
Cold = ⬆️
77
BQ: Topical fluoride will NOT CAUSE FLUOROSIS ❌ only SYSTEMIC will.
Topical fluoride = ❌ fluorosis
| Systemic = ✅ fluorosis
78
BQ: Fluorosis
A. Pandemic
B. Endemic
C. Epidemic
Endemic!!! Localized
79
BQ: What tooth surfaces benefit the most in fluoride therapy
Proximal and smooth surfaces
80
BQ: Fluoride converts HYDROXYAPATITE crystals into
Fluoroapatite (more resistant to acid)
81
Tooth paste contains how many ppm of fluoride
1,100ppm
82
BQ: Conc of fluoride in fluoride varnish
5% NaF
83
Conc of NaF
2-5% NaF
84
Conc of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride or APF
- uses polystyrene tray
- not allowed to eat for 30mins
1.23%
85
Conc of Stannous fluoride
| - least used because has BROWN discoloration
8%
86
ph of NaF
9.2 NaF
87
Ph of APF
3-3.5 APF
88
pH of SnF
2.1-2.3 SnF
89
Adult lethal dose of Fluoride
4-5g
90
Child lethal dose of fluoride
15mg/kg
91
Tx for fluoride toxicity
Boards go for: MILK OF MAGNESIA
- Syrup of ipecac
92
BQ: Computing childs dosage: uses WEIGHT
Clarks rule
93
Formula of clark’s rule
CHILD DOSE = WEIGHT in lbs / 150
94
BQ: uses AGE in computing for childs dosage
YOUNG’S rule
95
Formula for Young’s rule
CHILD DOSE = AGE / AGE+12
96
BQ: for infants dosage
Fried’s rule
97
Formula for Fried’s rule or inFant dose
Infant dose = age in mos / 150
98
Paracetamol
mkd:
mg/ml:
Paracetamol
mkd: 10-15
mg/ml: 120/5
99
Amox
mkd:
mg/ml:
Amox
mkd: 20-40
mg/ml: 250/5ml / 3 dose
100
Clindamycin
mkd:
mg/ml:
Clindamycin
mkd: 10-25
mg/ml: 250/5ml / 3-4 doses
101
Yellow teeth; hypersensitivity
Amelogenesis imperfecta
102
BQ: Type of amelogenesis imperfecta characterized by dec # of cells; pitted appearance
Enamel hypoplasia
103
BQ: Type of amelogenesis imperfecta characterized by soft enamel
Enamel hypocalcification
104
Gray brown teeth
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
105
Most common type of dentinogenesis imperfecta
Type II / Hereditary Opalescent dentin
106
Type III dentinogenesis imperfecta is aka
Brandy wine
107
BQ: Pattern of Early childhood caries
Cervical of Mx incisors
mx post
Mn post
Mn incisors
108
Punched out erosions covered by gray pseudomembrane
NUG/Trench mouth/ vincents dse
109
Causative agent of NUG
FuPS
110
Assoc with class III Mx def
Achondroplasia
| Downs syndrome
111
Assoc with skeletal class III
Gigantism
| Acromegaly
112
BQ: “diff in eating”
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
113
Causative agent of Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
HSV-1 (dormant in CN V)
114
What do you call the secondary infection of HSV-1
Herpes labiais or cold sores
115
BQ: Painful ulcers in the posterior of oral cavity: soft palate, pharyn
Herpangina
116
BQ: Coxsackie A virus causes what diseases
Herpangina
| Hand foot mouth dse
117
BQ: Summer illness
Herpangina
118
BQ: Type of apthous ulcer assoc with scarring
Major
119
Frequent recurrences of ulcers should be screened for
DM and BEHCET’S SYNDROME
120
Diabetes mellitus triad
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
121
BQ: Px with “inguinal and EYE ULCERS” (—generalized blood vessel inflammation)
Behcet’s syndrome
122
Cleft of hard palate
Uranoschisis
123
Celft of soft palate
Staphyloschisis
124
Rule of 10 for cleft LIP
10wks
10lbs
10gm/dL of Hb
>10,000 wbc
125
BQ: Needs love and affection
Down’s syndrome
126
BQ: Diseases assoc with DELAYED ERUPTION (sa boards:except)
```
Downs syndrome
Cretinism (hypothy in children)
Hypothyroidism
Hypopituitarism
Gingival fibromatosis
```
127
BQ: Resto matl for Down’s
A. Gold
B. Amalgam
C. Composite
D. GI
A. gold
128
BQ: Clinical sign “FEW TEETH”
Cleidocranial dysplasia
129
Lining of eruption cyst
Syratified squamous
130
Whitish gingival cyst of newborns
Bohn’s nodules
131
Indicated for vital tooth with provoked pain
—1.8mm of dentin thickness bet pulp and carious lesion
—root resorbed not >/= to 2/3 of deciduous
Pulpotomy
132
BQ: medicament for pulpo of deciduous tooth
| —-Not for younf perm teeth bec open apex
Formocresol
133
BQ: Medicament for pulpo of permanent tooth
| —-not for deciduous: can cause INTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION
Calcium hydroxide pulpo
134
BQ: Other name for Internal root resorption
Pink tooth of mummery
135
Other term for open apex
Blunderbuss apex
136
BQ: Partial pulpotomy
Cvek pulpotomy
137
Indicated for infected pulp with SPONTANEOUS PAIN/ NOCTURNAL PAIN or for NON VITAL with PERIRADICULAR PAIN
Pulpectomy
138
BQ: matl used for obturation (pulpec)
Zoe
139
Tx: primary symptomatic provoked
Pulpo
140
Tx: primary symp spontaneous
Pulpec
141
Tx: primary asymp
Observe
142
Tx: primary loosening or displacement
Observe
143
Tx: primary avulsion
No tx! DO NOT REIMPLANT
144
Tx: permanent loosening or displacement
Reposition and stabilize for 2weeks
145
Tx: permanent avulsion
Reimplant with in 30mins and stabilize for 2wks
146
Avulsed tooth can be stored in
Hanks soln or NSS
Milk
Saliva
147
Complication of avulsion
Rejection
148
Elli’s classification of tooth trauma: ENAMEL
Type I
149
Elli’s: DENTIN
Type II
150
Elli’s: Exposed pulp
Type III
151
Elli’s: non vital or without loss of crown
Ellis IV
152
Elli’s: Tooth loss-trauma
Ellis V
153
BQ: Elli’s: root fracture
Ellis VI
154
Ellis: displacement
Ellis VII
155
Elli’s: LOSS OF CROWN
Ellis VIII
156
Ellis: deciduous teeth
Ellis IX
157
What is More common in Primary anterior teeth
Fracture or Displacement?
Displacement (most common intrusion)
158
What is More common in Permanent anterior teeth
Fracture or Displacement?
Fracture
159
Chemically induced root formation indicated for NON VITAL young PERMANENT teeth with OPEN APEX
Apexification
160
CaOH/MTA stimulates what embryonic structure to close apex
HERS
161
Principa content of MTA
Portland cement
| + gypsum and bismuth
162
Physiologic development of APEX
Apexogenesis
163
Direct pulp cap
CaOH
164
Indirect pulp cap
GI
165
Finish line in ant strip of crown
Featheredge finish line
166
Ant SOC labial and prox reduction
1mm
167
Incisal reduction in SOC
1-1.5
168
Lingual red in SOC
0.5
169
BQ: Overall reduction size in SSC
1.5mm
170
Finish line of SSC
1mm subgingival featheredge
