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d b review > 26. Pharmacology IV (Classifications of drugs in ANS) > Flashcards

26. Pharmacology IV (Classifications of drugs in ANS) Flashcards

1
Q

“Analeptics”

A

Stimulants

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2
Q

Drugs used to increase nerve activity in the CNS
✔️ reverses CNS depressant effects
🔸 elevates adnergic nt
🔸stimulates release of NOREPI

A

Stimulants

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3
Q

BQ: “Most toxic drug”

A

Strychnine

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4
Q 
Amphetamines
Methylphenidate
Phendimethrazine
Xanthines
Strychnine
- are examples of what drugs?
A

Stimulants or Analeptics

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5
Q

BQ: Xanthines

Found in: Teas, coffee, colas, cocoa

A

Caffeine
Theophylline
Theobromine

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6
Q

BQ: What xanthines are used to treat Asthma?

A

Theophylline

Theobromine

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7
Q

BQ: the only OTC stimulant

A

Caffeine

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8
Q

BQ: Stimulants can be used to treat: (“PONDA”) 🐼

A 
(“PONDA”) 🐼🐼🐼
Parkinson’s disease
Obesity
Narcolepsy
Depression
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
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9
Q

Increase daytime sleepiness

Can be tx by stimulants

A

Narcolepsy

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10
Q

Disease caused by degeneration of dopamine producing cells in the brain

A

Parkinson’s disease

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11
Q

Site of dopamine production

A

Substantia NIGRA

✔️ Parkinson’s disease: Degeneration of substantia nigra

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12
Q

Basal ganglia degeneration

A

Huntington’s disease

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13
Q

Drug of choice for Parkinsonism

A

L-DOPA

🔸 Boards: (✔️anticholinergic)

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14
Q 
Other drugs for Parkinsonism:
✅ Increases dopamine
- 
-
-
✅Anticholinergic
- Major :
- Minor/slight:
A 
Other drugs for Parkinsonism:
✅ Increases dopamine
- L-Dopa (DOC!✨)
- MAO-I
- Stimulants

✅Anticholinergic

  • Major : Belladonna alkaloids (Atropine/Scopolamine)
  • Minor/slight: “DiTriBeAM”
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15
Q

BQ: What are the drugs that causes Parkinsonism-like symptoms?

A

1st generation antipsychotic agents

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16
Q

Division of the Autonomic nervous system regulated mainly by ACETYLCHOLINE

✅ REST AND DIGEST 💆🏼‍♀️🍌🍒🍉

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Division of ANS regulated mainly by NOREPINEPHRINE

✅ Fight 👊🏻 or Flight ✈️
- Stress and Emergency situation

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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18
Q

Neurons before the ganglion

A

Pre ganglionic neurons

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19
Q

Neurons after the ganglion

A

Post ganglionic neuron

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20
Q

Neurons releasing ACH

A

Cholinergic neurons

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21
Q

Cholinergic neurons:

A
  1. Motor neurons in NMJ
  2. All pregang neurons (symp/para)
  3. Postgang of Parasymp
  4. Postgang of Sweat glands(symp*)
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22
Q

Nicotinic receptors are found:

A

Skeletal muscle
All Postganglionic neurons
Chromaffin cells

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23
Q

Muscarinic receptors are found:

A

All effector organs of parasymp

Sweat glands

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24
Q

Neurons releasing Norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic neuron

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25
Adrenergic neuron found on:
Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons
26
Adrenergic receptors are found:
All effector organs of Sympathetic | EXCEPT: SWEAT GLANDS 🙅‍♀️
27
BQ: Most numerous Adrenergic receptor seen in the BLOOD VESSEL
Alpha 1
28
Effect of Alpha 1
BV: Vasoconstriction BP: ⬆️
29
Effect of Alpha 2:
Vasodilation
30
Effect of Beta 1: ❤️ : kidney:
❤️ - Inotropic : ⬆️ Force of contraction - Chronotropic : ⬆️ Heart rate KIdney: ⬇️ function
31
Beta 2 Lungs: BV:
Beta 2: Bronchodilation/relaxation** Vasodilation ** (⬇️BP)
32
Alpha 1 / Beta 1 and 2 agonist
Dopamine - A1 = ⬆️BP ✨ - B1 = ⬆️❤️ - B2 = Bronchodilation
33
Beta 1 and 2 receptor agonist | For: ✅Asthmatic attacks
Isoproterenol (✅Asthmatic attacks) - B1: ⬇️BP - B2: bronchodilation
34
``` BQ: Receptors of Norepinephrine A. Alpha B. Beta C. Alpha/Beta D. None ```
C. Alpha/Beta Mainly: A1/A2 (“norA”) Weak: B1/B2
35
Most potent alpha agonist | A1/A2 and B1/B2 agonist
Epinephrine
36
Norpinephrine is used for: | (mainly: A1) : “norA”
Hypotension | A1 = ⬆️ BP
37
BQ: Doc for Anaphylactic shock
Epinephrine (1:1000 IM) During anaphylactic shock BV: dilated = ⬇️BP Bronchoconstriction Epinephrine: A1/A2 (⬆️BP) B1/B2 (Bronchodilation)
38
Alpha 2 selective agonist | ⬇️BP = drugs nato for HYPERTENSION
Clonidine (Catapres) | Methyldopa
39
Adrenergic Drugs that activate SYMPATHETIC nervous system but effect is Parasympathetic ✅ Alpha 2 = ⬇️BP
Clonidine | Methyldopa
40
“Sympathetic drug” used for Hypertensive patients
Alpha 2 selective agonist: Clonidine (Catapres) Methyldopa
41
Adrenergic Drug that can be used to treat CHF
A1 and B1 selective agonist | - Dobutamine
42
Selective Adrenergic drugs for ASTHMATIC ATTACKS
Beta 2 selective agonist ✅ Terbutaline ✅ Albuterol👶🏻 - Salbutamol👨🏻
43
Amphetamines activates what adrenergic receptors
Amphetamines - A1/A2 and B1/B2 | Stimulants
44
Stimulates Release of NOREPINEPHRINE from adrenergic nerve terminal (indirect)✔️
Tyramine | Mephentermine
45
Epinephrine: direct / indirect acting?
direct acting
46
Norepinephrine: direct / indirect acting?
Direct
47
Tyramine : direct/indirect?
Indirect
48
Mephentermine: Direct/Indirect?
Indirect
49
Amphetamine: direct/indirect/mixed?
Mixed acting!
50
``` BQ: All of the ffg drugs can reverse acute asthmatic attacks EXCEPT: A. Alpha receptor agonists B. Beta receptor agonists C. Ephedrine D. Epinephrine ```
A. Alpha receptor agonist
51
BQ: Norepinephrine can also reverse the lethal effects of anaphylactic shock. True or False?
False
52
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)
53
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
54
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
55
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
56
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
57
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
58
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
59
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
60
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
61
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
62
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)
63
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
64
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
65
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
66
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
67
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
68
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
69
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
70
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
71
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
72
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)
73
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
74
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
75
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
76
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
77
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
78
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
79
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
80
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
81
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
82
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)
83
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
84
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
85
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
86
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
87
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
88
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
89
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
90
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
91
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
92
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)
93
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
94
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
95
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
96
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
97
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
98
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
99
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
100
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
101
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
102
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromocytoma and also for hypertension
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers) ✅ during removal of pheochromocytoma ⬆️DoNE = ⬆️A1 receptor = ⬆️BP (need to block A1)
103
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
104
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia ✅ can also be used for presurg management of pheochromocytoma
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
105
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
106
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
107
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
108
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol + asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
109
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
110
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
111
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
112
BQ: Pre surgical management of Pheochromacytoma
Alpha 1,2 adrenergic blockers (Non selective alpha blockers)
113
BQ: example of selective A1 adrenergic blocker
Prazosin (-osin)
114
Competitive agonist of A1 receptors ✅ hypertension ✅ Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Selective alpha 1 adrenergic blocker (-osin)
115
(-OSIN)
Non selective alpha blocker
116
(-OLOL)
Non selective beta blocker
117
BQ: Propanolol contraindicated to patients with:
Asthma
118
BQ: Bronchodilators; used to reverse (propanolol ➡️ asthma)
Theophylline | Theobromine
119
Primary use of Non selective beta blocker
Anti arrythmia (for hypertensive)
120
Doc for angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin (sublingual)
121
BQ: side effect of activation of B1 receptor?
Arrythmia
122
Competitive antagonists of beta-1 receptors ✅anti arrythmia ✅for angina pectoris ✅for hypertension
Selective Beta 1 adrenergic blocker
123
(-ILOL) and (-ALOL)
Beta adrenergic blocker w/ Alpha 1 blocker
124
Example of beta blocker with alpha 1 blocker
Carvediol (for hypertension)
125
Affects both alpha and beta adrenergic neurons but predominantly alpha (seen: post gang neuron)
Adrenergic neuron blockers
126
BQ: antipsychotic + antihypertensive
Reserpine
127
BQ: Adrenergic neuron blockers
Guanethidine | Reserpine
128
BQ: "causes transient hypertension then hypotension"
Reserpine
129
``` BQ: Which drug causes "Epinephrine Reversal" A. Beta blocker B. Alpha blocker C. Adrenergic agonist D. None of the above E. All of the above ```
B. Alpha blocker
130
BQ: Doc for Sjogren's syndrome
Pilocarpine
131
Acetylcholine-like drugs
``` Bethanechol chloride Carbochol Pilocarpine Muscarine Nicotine ```
132
Drugs binding to acetylcholinesterase to inhibit its function
Neostigmine Physostigmine Pyridostigmine (✅MYASTHENIA GRAVIS)
133
Doc for myasthenia gravis
Acetylcholinesterase
134
Can cause respiratory depression; due to absence of acetylcholine in nmj
Anticholinergic overdose
135
Anticholinergic or cholinergic blockers
Atropine / Scopolamine Propantheline Methantheline
136
BQ: drug used to reverse cholinergic drugs
Anticholinergic drugs
137
BQ: Glaucoma is contraindicated to what drugs?
``` Diazepam Anticholinergic drugs (meperidine) ```
138
Inhibits ANS (symp and parasymp) to produce hypotension
Ganglionic blocking drugs
139
"1st ganglionic blocker"
Hexamethonium
140
"Bloodless field surgery"
Mecamylamine
141
Ganglionic blocking drugs (2)
Hexamethonium | Mecamylamine
142
Relaxes skeletal muscles = "Muscle paralysis" | Interact with nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle
Neuromuscular blocking agents
143
Example of non depolarizing NBA
Pancuronium bromide | Mivacuronium
144
Effects of (-curonium) drugs from curare can be reversed by
Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine | Antiacetylcholinesterase
145
Example of depolarizing NBA
Succinylcholine
146
Other name for succinylcholine
Suxamethonium
147
BQ: Succinylcholine is for
Laryngospasm
148
Example of Muscle relaxants: (2)
Botulinum toxin | Dantrolene

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