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d b review > 11. Nervous System II (PNS) > Flashcards

11. Nervous System II (PNS) Flashcards

1
Q

Group of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Ganglia or Ganglion

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2
Q

Group of neuronal cell bodies inside the CNS

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Bundle of Axons in PNS

A

Nerves

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4
Q

Bundle of axons in CNS

A

Tract

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5
Q

How many pairs of CN

A

12 pairs (24)

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal cord

A

31 pairs (62)

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7
Q

Network of nerves

A

Plexuses

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8
Q

2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympa

Sympa

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9
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system is regulated mainly by

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

Rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

Maintains homeostasis

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

Synonymous drugs that enhances the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Cholinergic
Cholinomimetic

Parasympathomimetic
Anti-sympathetic
Anti-adrenergenic

Sympatholytic
Anti-acetylcholinesterase or Anticholinesterase

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13
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system regukated mainly by Norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is activated by what situations

A

Stress and emergency situations

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16
Q

Synonymous drugs that enhances the sympathetic nervous system

A 
Adrenergic
Adrenomimetic
Sympathomimetic
Anti-parasympathetic
Anti-cholinergic
Parasympatholytic
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17
Q

Regulates amount of light

A

Eye pupil

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18
Q

Eye pupil
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Eye pupil
Symp: pupilary dilation (mydriasis)
Parasymp: constriction (miosis)

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19
Q

During parasympathetic = __ fluid secretion

A

Increase fluid secretion during Parasympathetic

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20
Q

Pupillary dilation

A

Mydriasis

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21
Q

Pupillary constriction

A

Miosis

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22
Q

Lacrimal glands/ Salivary glands/ Nasal mucosa
Symp:
Parasym:

A

Lacrimal glands/ Salivary glands/ Nasal mucosa
Symp: ⬇️ tears/saliva/ mucus
Parasym: ⬆️ tears/saliva/ mucus

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23
Q

Sympathetic:
Lungs
Arteries

A

Sympathetic:
Lungs: bronchodilation
Arteries: vasoconstriction

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24
Q

ParaSympathetic:
Lungs:
Arteries:

A

ParaSympathetic:
Lungs: bronchoconstriction
Arteries: vasodilation

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25
Q

Lungs
Sympa:
Parasym:

A

Lungs
Sympa: brochodilation
Parasym: bronchoconstriction

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26
Q

Arteries
Sympa:
Parasym:

A

Arteries
Sympa: vasoconstriction
Parasym: vasodilation

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27
Q

Chronotropic

A

Heart rate

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28
Q

Inotropic

A

Force of contraction

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29
Q

Heart
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Heart
Symp: ⬆️ chronotropic and inotropic
Parasymp: ⬇️ heart rate and force of contraction

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30
Q

Other name for adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal glands

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31
Q

Location of adrenal glands

A

Superior portion of kidney

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32
Q

Cells of the adrenal medulla that secretes catecholamines

A

Chromaffin cells

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33
Q

Catecholamines secreted by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

A

Dopamine
Norepi
Epi

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34
Q

Adrenal glands (chromaffin cells)
Symp:
Parasymp:

A 
Adrenal glands (chromaffin cells)
Symp: secretes dopamine, norepi, epi
Parasymp: inhibits dopa, norepi, epi
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35
Q

GIT
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

GIT
Symp: decrease motility
Parasymp: increase motility (rest and digest)

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36
Q

Stomach
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Stomach
Symp: decrease Hcl secretion
Parasymp: increase Hcl secretion

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37
Q

Liver and skeletal muscle
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Liver and skeletal muscle
Symp: ⬆️ Glycogenolysis(Glucagon)
Parasymp: ⬆️ Glycogenesis (Insulin)

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38
Q

Pancreas
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Pancreas
Symp: glucagon prod
Parasymp: insulin prod

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39
Q

Kidney
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Kidney
Symp: ⬇️ urine output
Parasymp: ⬆️ urine output

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40
Q

Bladder
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Bladder
Symp: contraction of sphincter
Parasymp: relaxation of sphincter

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41
Q

Sweat glands
Symp:
Parasymp: (exception to fluids)

A

Sweat glands
Symp: ⬆️ sweating
Parasymp: doesnt affect!

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42
Q

Genitals
Symp:
Parasymp:

A

Genitals
Symp: ejaculation and vaginal contractions
Parasymp: erection of genitals

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43
Q

Neuron before a ganglion

A

Preganglionic neuron

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44
Q

Pre ganglionic neurons of Symp and Parasym are also

A

Cholinergic neurons (Ach)

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45
Q

Preganglionic neurons secretes what nuerotransmitter

A

Ach

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46
Q

Group of cell bodies in PNS

A

Ganglia or ganglion

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47
Q

Type of receptors found in Post ganglionic neurons of Symp and Parasym

A

Nicotinic receptors

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48
Q

Post ganglionic neuron of PARASYMPATHETIC

A

Cholinergic neuron

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49
Q

Receptors found in ALL effector organs of PARASYMPATHETIC (ung nasa table)

A

Muscarinic receptors

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50
Q

2 possible receptors for Ach

A

Nicotinic

Muscarinic

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51
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located? (3)

A

Nicotinic receptors:
All postganglionic neurons of Symp and Parasymp
Skeletal muscles
Chromaffin cells

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52
Q

Pre ganglionic neuron that has no ganglion (exception)

A

Pre ganglionic neuron of adrenal glands

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53
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found? (2)

A

All effector organs of parasympathetic (table)

sweat glands

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54
Q

Type of Receptor found on all effector organs of SYMPATHETIC

A

Adrenergic receptor

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55
Q

Neurotransmitter that regulates parasympathetic nervous system

A

Ach

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56
Q

Neurotransmitter that regulates sympathetic nervous system

A

Norepinephrine

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57
Q

Post ganglionic neuron of sympathetic secretes what nt

A

Norepinephrine

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58
Q

Neurons that releases norepinephrine are aka

A

Adrenergic neuron

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59
Q

Adrenergic neuron of Sympathetic

A

Post ganglionic neuron

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60
Q

Sweat glands is SYMPATHETIC (exception)

Post ganglionic neuron is a

A

Cholinergic neuron (Ach)

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61
Q

Receptor found in sweat glands (sympa but exception)

A

Muscarinic receptor

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62
Q

Receptors found in chromaffin cells

A

Nicotinic receptors

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63
Q

Send signals to urinary bladder kaya naiihi ka pag kinakabahan

A

Pontine nucleus

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64
Q

Receptors for odor

A

Olfactory receptors

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65
Q

Part of nasal cavity where olfactory receptors are located

A

Superior meatus or SUPERIOR and POSTERIOR

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66
Q

Foramen of exit of CN I - Olfactory nerve

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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67
Q

Mneumonic for CN and Function

A

OOO TTA FVG VAH

Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter most

68
Q

Cn for sense of smell

A

CN I olfactory

69
Q

Foramen of exit of CN II - Optic nerve

A

Optic canal

70
Q

2 structures that exits at the optic canal

A 
Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery (from Int carotid artery)
71
Q

CN for sense of sight

A

Cn II - optic nerve

72
Q

Photoreceptors of the eye

A

Cones

Rods

73
Q

Concentration of photoreceptors of the eye in relation to fovea centralis
Cones -
Rods -

A

⬆️ Cones - closer to fovea centralis

rods - concentrated farther to fovea centralis

74
Q

Photoreceptor that detects color

A

Cones

75
Q

Photopigment of cones

A

Opsin

76
Q

Less sensitive to light (needs more light to func)

High visual acuity

A

Cones

77
Q

Concentrated in the fovea centralis of the Macula lutea

A

Cones

78
Q

Contains greates amout of cones

A

Fovea centralis

79
Q

Yellowish area near the center of the retina that contains fovea centralis

A

Macula lutea

80
Q

Photoreceptors that detects black to gray: for NIGHT VISION

A

Rods

81
Q

Photopigment of rods

A

Rhodopsin

82
Q

Very sensitive to light

Low visual acuity

A

Rods

83
Q

Concentrated away from the fovea centralis (in the periphery of the retina)

A

Rods

84
Q

Basic part of the eye that comcentrates light to the retina

A

Lens

85
Q

Transparent portion infront of the eye

A

Cornea

86
Q

Where image is formed

A

Retina

87
Q

Gives color to the eyes

A

Iris

88
Q

White portion of the eye

A

Sclera

89
Q

Disease assoc with blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

90
Q

Dilates (mydriasis:symp) and Constricts (miosis:parasymp)

A

Pupil

91
Q

Fluid on the AAAAnterior part of the eye

A

Aqueos humor

92
Q

Fluid on the posterior part of the eye

A

Vitreous humor

93
Q

“blind spot”

  • where no cones or rods present
  • point in retina where OPTIC NERVE enters towards the eye
A

Optic disc

94
Q

What is OD

A

Oculus dexter - right eye

95
Q

OS

A

Oculus sinister - left eye

96
Q

OU 😈

A

Oculus uterque - both eyes

97
Q

AS

A

Auris sinister - left ear

98
Q

AD

A

Auris dexter - right ear

99
Q

AU

A

Auris uterque - both ears

100
Q

Other terms for far sightedness

A

Hyperopia

Hypermetropia

101
Q

Other term for near sightedness

A

Myopia

102
Q

Underdeveloped VISUAL CORTEX; cannot be corrected by wearing glasses

A

Lazy eye or Amblyopia

103
Q

Tx for amblyopia or lazy eye

A

Eye patch in good eye

104
Q

Foramen of exit of CN III - Oculomotor

A

Superior orbital fissure

105
Q

Cranial nerves that exits in the SOF

A

3/4/V1/6

106
Q

Innervates most extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

Oculomotor nerve CN III

107
Q

Parasympathetic of the pupil and lacrimal glands (⬆️secretion)

A

Oculomotor nerve

108
Q

Mneumonic for innervations of extrinsic muscles of eye

A

SO4 LR6 R3

109
Q

Foramen of exit of CN IV - Trochlear nerve

A

SOF

110
Q

Innervates superior oblique muscle

A

Trochlear nerve

111
Q

Longest intracranial nerve

A

Trochlear nerve

112
Q

Smallest cranial nerve

A

Trochlear nerve

113
Q

Largest cranial nerve supplying the head and neck

A

Trigeminal nerve

114
Q

3 divisions of trigeminal nerve - CN V

A

V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular

115
Q

Innervates tip of nose

A

CN V1

116
Q

Foramen of exit of V1

A

SOF

117
Q

Foramen of exit of V2

A

Foramen rotundum

118
Q

Nerve of scarpa

A

Nasopalatine nerve

119
Q

In nasopalatine nerve block, what sides are blocked

A

Both sides

120
Q

Nasopalatine nerve exits in the

A

Incisive foramen

121
Q

Nasopalatine nerve innervates

A

Palate from ca to ca

ANT 1/3 of hard palate (PREMAXILLA)

122
Q

Other name for greater palatine nerve

A

Anterior palatine nerve

123
Q

Greater palatine nerve exits in

A

Greater palatine foramen

124
Q

Greater palatine nerve innervates

A

Post 2/3 of hard palate

125
Q

Side blocked in GPNB

A

Post 2/3 of the hard palate - On the side of injection

126
Q

“Posterior palatine nerve”

A

Lesser palatine nerve

127
Q

Exit of lesser or posterior palatine nerve

A

Lesser palatine foramen

128
Q

What nerve innervates the soft palate

A

Lesser palatine nerve

129
Q

Innervates Max 2nd and 3rd molars and DBu and Pal roots of Max 1st molar

A

PSAN

130
Q

Most common complication assoc with PSANB

A

Hematoma

131
Q

Msan innervates

A

Max Pm1 and Pm2

MBu root of Mx 1st molar

132
Q

Ganglion in MSAN + ASAN

A

Bochdalek’s ganglion

133
Q

Ganglion: MSAN + PSAN

A

Valentine’s ganglion

134
Q

Innervates mx canine and incisors

A

ASAN

135
Q

Exit of infraorbital nerve

A

Infraorbital foramen

136
Q

Innervates lower eyelid, upper lip, nasal vestibule, ASAN

A

Infraorbital nerve

137
Q

Most common complication assoc with Infraorbital nerve block

A

Ecchymosis

138
Q

Reference point for Infraorbital nerve block

A

1st PM or distal of canine

139
Q

Foramen of exit of V3

A

Foramen ovale

140
Q

Branch of trigeminal nerve that is for both motor and sensory

A

V3

141
Q

Motor branch of V3 that innervates the Temporalis

A

Deep temporal branch

142
Q

Motor branch of V3 that innervates the Internal pterygoid muscle

A

Medial pterygoid nerve

143
Q

Motor branch of V3 that innervates the Masseter

A

Masseteric nerve

144
Q

Motor branch of V3 that innervates the Lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Lat pterygoid nerve

145
Q

Attached to MALLEUS; Regulates loudness of sound

A

Tensor tympani

146
Q

What innervates the tensor tympani

A

V3

147
Q

Exception to pharyngeal plexus; innervated by V3

A

Tensor veli palatini

148
Q

Muscle in the floor of the mouth; difficulty in xray

A

Mylohyoid

149
Q

Major muscle for mouth opening

A

Ant belly of digastric

150
Q

Innervation of Ant belly of digastric

A

V3

151
Q

Innervation of Post belly of digastric

A

CN 7

152
Q

Innervates buccal mucosa of mandibular molars

A

Long buccal nerve

153
Q

Innervates anterior 2/3 of the tongue (general)

A

Lingual nerve

154
Q

Innervates ant 2/3 of tongue (taste)

A

Facial nerve - chorda tympani

155
Q

Innervates post 1/3 of tongue (general and taste)

A

Glossopharyngeal

156
Q

Innervates base of tongue (gen and taste)

A

Vagus nerve

157
Q

Terminal branch of IAN

A

Mental nerve

158
Q

Innervates bu and la mucosa of pm and ant, chin, lower lip

A

Mental nerve

159
Q

Branch of IAN that innervates anterior teeth

A

Incisive nerve

160
Q

Innervates the TMJ and SCALP in temporal region

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

161
Q

After admin if Mandiblock, Px had bells palsy or facial paralysis, what is the possible cause

A

Wrong technique (must be contralateral side)

162
Q

Complication that can arise when you DID NOT ASPIRATE ~ anes accumulates in the bloodstream

A

Toxicity

163
Q

Initial sign of anes toxicity

A

Anxiety

164
Q

Management of syncope

A

Trendelenburg position

165
Q

Caused by multiple needle insertions usually in the Medial pterygoid muscle

A

Trismus (med pterygoid-spasm-limited mouth opening)

166
Q

Nervous system outside the CNS

A

PNS

d b review (38 decks)

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