10. Musculatory II and Nervous I (CNS) Flashcards by Ch Mora

Muscles of mastication are innervated by

CN V3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fan shaped muscle

Temporalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Temporalis
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
- Anterior or vertical fibers:
- Posterior or horizontal fibers:

Temporalis
Origin: temporal bone
Insertion: coronoid process and ramus(lat side)
Action:
- Anterior or vertical fibers: elevates mn
- Posterior or horizontal fibers: retracts mn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Only muscle that retracts the mandible

Posterior fibers of TEMPORALIS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscles of Mastication that elevates mandible

TIM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Internal pterygoid is aka

Medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

External pterygoid is aka

Lateral pterygoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Internal/Medial Pterygoid
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Internal/Medial Pterygoid
Origin: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Insertion: ramus(medial side) and angle of mn
Action: Elevates mn and Bennett movt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Masseter
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Masseter
Origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion:angle of mn and ramus(Lateral)
Action: Elevates mn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

External/Lateral Pterygoid
Origin:
Insertion:
Action: (3)

External/Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Insertion: TMJ/Condyle
Action: 
- Depresses mn
- Bennett movt
- Protrudes mn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Only muscle of mastication for mouth opening or depression of mandible

Lateral or external pterygoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the major muscle for mouth opening

Anterior belly of digastric muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anterior belly of digastric muscle is innervated by

CN V3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What innervates the POSTERIOR BELLY of digastric muscle

CN VII - Facial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Moves tongue inferiorly and anteriorly

Genioglossus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Genioglossus
Origin: (first word before glossus)
Insertion:
Action:

Genioglossus
Origin: genial tubercle
Insertion: tongue
Action: moves tongue inf and ant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Styloglossus
Origin: (first word before glossus)
Insertion:
Action:

Styloglossus
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: tongue
Action: moves tongue sup and post

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hyoglossus
Origin: (first word before glossus)
Insertion:
Action:

Hyoglossus
Origin: hyoid bone
Insertion: tongue
Action: moves tongue inferiorly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extrinsic muscles: Genioglossus/Styloglossus/Hyoglossus EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS are innervated by

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What innervates palatoglossus

Pharyngeal plexus (9/10/11)
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
XI - Accessory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Palatoglossus
Origin: 
Insertion: 
Action:
- tongue:
- palate:

Palatoglossus
Origin: soft palate
Insertion: tongue
Action: 
- moves tongue sup towards palate
- moves palate inf towards tongue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mneumonic for INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES (beq:except)

VITS
Vertical
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Superior longitudinal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intrinsic muscles of tongue
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Intrinsic muscles of tongue
Origin: tongue
Insertion: tongue
Action: changes shape of tongue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Changes action of tongue

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Changes shape of tongue

Intrinsic muscles of tongue (VITS)

Flattens and broadens tongue

Vertical

Shortens and thickens tongue (2)

Inf longitudinal | Sup longitudinal

Elongates and narrows tongue

Transverse

What innervates the intrinsic muscles of tongue (VITS)

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

4 suprahyoid muscles

Digastric muscle - ant and post belly Mylohyoid Stylohyoid Geniohyoid

Action of suprahyoid muscles (2)

Suprahyoid muscles depresses mandible and elevates hyoid

Muscle of floor of the mouth

Mylohyoid

Muscle that causes difficulty when taking radiograph on lower molars

Mylohyoid

What innervates the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscle

CN V3

What innervates the stylohyoid and post belly of digastric

CN VII facial nerve

Infrahyoid muscles (TOSS)

Thyrohyoid Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid

Action of all infrahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid muscles depresses hyoid

Rotator cuff muscles: mneumonic

``` SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres MINOR!!! Subscapularis ```

Action of supraspinatus and subscapularis

Medial rotation

Action of infraspinatus and teres MINOR

Lateral rotation

Beq: muscle used in pitching a baseball

Rotator cuff muscles

Hamstring muscles (hams3ngs - Bi Semi Semi)

Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

Action of hamstring muscles

Flexes legs

"Running muscles"

Hamstring muscles

What innervates the hamstring muscles (bi semi semi)

Sciatic nerve

Longest nerve in the human body

Sciatic nerve

Longest or largest CRANIAL NERVE in the body

Vagus CN X

Longest or largest CRANIAL NERVE in the HEAD and NECK

CN V - trigeminal

Longest INTRACRANIAL nerve (inside cranium)

Trochlear CN IV

Smallest or shortest CRANIAL nerve

Trochlear CN IV

Quadriceps muscles (sa RECTO may 3 vastus)

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis

Most common muscle for IM injection

Vastus lateralis

Muscles for IM injection

Vastus lateralis Gluteus maximus Deltoid

Safest part of GLUTEUS MAXIMUS to inject to avoid sciatic nerve

Superolateral or upper outer corner

Degree of IM injection

90 degrees

Action of all QUADRICEPS muscles

Extend legs

Flexes legs - | Extends legs -

Flexes legs - hamstrings (bi semi semi) | Extends legs - quadriceps (recto 3 vastus)

Innervation of quadriceps muscles

Femoral nerve

Needle angulation: intradermal

0-15 (choices: go for lowest value: 0 kung meron)

Needle angulation: IV

35 degrees

Most common site for IV injection

Ante cubital

Needle angulation: subcutaneous

45 degrees

Most common drug injected subcutaneously

Insulin

Needle angulation: IM

90 degrees

Type of Muscle adaption where there is healing fibrous scar tissue

Fibrosis

Enlargement of muscle fiber

Muscular hypertrophy

Type of enlargement of muscle fiber or muscle hypertrophy assoc with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Pathologic muscular hypertrophy

Type of enlargement of muscle fiber or muscle hypertrophy assoc with PATIENT EXERCISING

Physiologic muscular hypertrophy

Increase in number of muscle fibers or cells

Muscular hyperplasia

Type of muscle cells that can undergo hyperplasia

Smooth muscles

"Muscle wasting"; loss of myofibrils

Muscle atrophy

Painfully twisted and tilted neck due to contraction of sternocleidomastoid

Torticollis

Other name for torticollis

Wry neck

Px with torticollis or wry neck: contraction of RIGHT sternocleimastoid = Chin goes to what side

Right SCM = Chin LEFT side

General term for muscle degeneration

Muscular dystrophy

It is the most common muscular dystrophy. It is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Abnormal, random, spontaneous muscle contractions

Fibrillation

Pacemaker of heart

Sinoatrial node

SA node is seen in the

Crista terminalis which is located in the SUPERIOR portion of RIGHT ATRIUM

Treatment for fibrillation: administering a controlled electrical shock to restore normal rthythm

Defibrillation

Stop in effective blood flow due to FAILURE OF HEART TO CONTRACT effectively

Cardiac arrest

An example of cardiac arrest also known as "FLAT LINE"

Asystole

Management for Asystole or Flat line

CPR

Ration of compressions:breaths in CPR

30 compressions : 2 Breaths

Compression rate

100 compressions per minute

2 divisions of the nervous system

CNS | PNS

2 major Parts of CNS

Brain | Spinal cord

2 major divisions of the PNS

Sensory and Motor

2 divisions of MOTOR part of PNS

Autonomic and Somatic

Muscles under somatic=(VOLUTARY CONTROL) (motor-pns)

Skeletal muscles

Muscles under Autonomic nervous system (motor/PNS)

Smooth and cardiac muscles | Glands and Visceral organs

2 Divisions of the Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic | Parasympathetic

"Fight or flight"

Sympathetic

"rest and digest"

Parasympathetic

Matter in the OUTER part of BRAIN | "OB IS GRAY"

Gray matter

INNER brain (OB IS GRAY)

White matter

Outer spinal cord | OB IS GRAY

White matter

Inner spinal cord | OB IS GRAY

Gray matter

Gray matter is made up of

Cell bodies

White matter is made up of

Myelinated axons

Embryonic structure from which the CEREBRUM develops prenatally

Telencephalon (Forebrain)

Largest component of the brain

Cerebrum

Part of cerebrum that controls right side of the body

Left hemisphere

Part of cerebrum that controls left side of the body

Right hemisphere

White matter that connects or separates the left and right hemispheres

Corpus callosum

Condition when corpus callosum is damaged, left and right hemispheres are separated

Split brain

Outer gray matter with gyrus, sulcus, and fissures

Cerebral cortex

Elevations in the brain

Gyrus

Grooves in the brain

Sulcus

DEEPER grooves in the brain

Fissures

4 lobes of the brain

Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

"Primary MOTOR cortex" | - responsible for almost all movements

Precentral gyrus (Frontal lobe)

"Primary SPEECH area" | speech = broadcast

Broca's area (Frontal lobe)

"Primary SENSORY cortex" | - responsible for somatic sensations

Postcentral gyrus

"Speech Comprehension"

Wernicke's area (Temporal lobe)

"Primary VISUAL cortex"

Primary visual cortex - OCCIPITAL LOBE

What is damaged when a patient had stroke

Precentral gyrus in the Frontal lobe

Emotion center

Limbic system

4 Divisions of the Limbic System (BASH)

Basal ganglia Amygdala Substantia nigra Hippocampus

"Memory center" | - converts short term to LONG TERM memory

Hippocampus

Almond shape | - responsible for FEAR, ANGER, AROUSAL (active)

Amygdala

2 parts of limbic system responsible for Voluntary motor movements (INHIBITORY)

Basal ganglia | Substantia nigra

Specific type of neurons that control muscles

Motor neurons

Any neuron that releases Ach

Cholinergic neuron (excitatory)

Neurons that use Ach as neurotransmitter

Excitatory neurons

Neurons that inhibits signals and uses DOPAMINE as neurotransmitter

Inhibitory neurons

Neurons that secretes DOPAMINE

Dopaminergic neuron (inhibitory)

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter that is increased in number when sleeping = No action potential

Dopamine (inhibitory)

Degeneration of the Basal ganglia

Huntington's disease

Degeneration of the Substantia Nigra | - wherein Excitatory neurons dominate resulting to involuntary muscular contractions

Parkinson's disease

Site of DOPAMINE PRODUCTION in the brain

Substantia nigra

Drug of choice for Parkinson's disease

Levodopa

Other drugs that can be used in treating parkinson's disease

Stimulants Mao-inhibitors Anticholinergic drugs Levodopa (*DOC)

Common Characteristic feature of Parkinson's and Huntington's disease which means involuntary muscular movements

Dyskinesia

Neurotransmitter that is decreased in patients with Parkinson's disease

⬇️ DOPAMINE

Neurotransmitter that is increased in patients with Parkinson's disease

⬆️Ach (Excitatory neurons)

4 stimulants (DoNES)

Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Serotonin

Enzyme that breaks down DoNES

Monoamine oxidase

Mech of action of MAO-I

Inhibits MAO = ⬇️MAO ⬆️Dopamine ⬇️Dyskinesia

Dopamine Motor: Mood:

Dopamine Motor: inhibitory Mood: excitatory

Excitatory MOOD neurotransmitters

``` DoNES Dopamine Norepi Epi Serotonin ```

Most common INHIBITORY MOOD neurotransmitter

GABA | Gamma-amino butyric acid

Hyperactive 😊😊😊😊 | Neurotransmitter that is elevated?

⬆️Dopamine | Depleted by MAO

Condition assoc with ⬆️DOPAMINE; cant differentiate reality; split mind

Schizophrenia

Doc for schizophrenia to decrease level of dopamine

Antipsychotic drugs

Irreversible involuntary muscle contractions in Patients with SCHIZOPHRENIA; Side effect of antipsychotic drugs. (⬇️dopamine:motor/inhibitory)

Tardive dyskinesia

Relay center of the brain

Thalamus

3 parts of DIENCEPHALON

Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus

Communicates with the PITUITARY GLAND | Regulates hormones= BODY HOMEOSTASIS

Hypothalamus

Produces MELATONIN during nighttime

Pineal gland

Hormone that regulates sleep wake cycle

Melatonin

Other term for sleep wake cycle or 24 hr body clock

Circadian rhythm

True or False. Melatonin increases with age

False. Melatonin DECREASES with AGE (Baby lagi tulog)

Hormone for sleep

Melatonin | If wala sa choices = SEROTONIN

SLEEP: function Melatonin - Serotonin -

SLEEP: function Melatonin - inhibitory Serotonin - excitatory

DAY TIME ☀️ Serotonin level: Melatonin level:

DAY TIME ☀️ Serotonin level: ⬆️ Melatonin level: ⬇️

NIGHT TIME 🌜✨ Serotonin level: Melatonin level:

NIGHT TIME 🌜✨ Serotonin level: ⬇️ (converted by pineal gland) Melatonin level: ⬇️

Major VASOACTIVE amines

Serotonin | Histamine

Vasoactive amines: Opp function SEROTONIN: Histamine:

Vasoactive amines: Opp function SEROTONIN: vasoCONSTRICTION Histamine: vasoDILATION (Hiiii(ih) dilat ka nnmn)

Embryonic structure from which the MIDBRAIN develops prenatally

Mesencephalon

What structures form the BRAIN STEM

Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

Cells that secrete HISTAMINE (4)

Mast cells Eosinophil Basophil Platelets

Part of Metencephalon responsible for MOTOR MOVTS (Excitatory) and BALANCE

Cerebellum

Part of brain affected when drunk

Cerebellum (balance)

Fluid in the inner ear responsible for BALANCE

Semicircular fluid

"Respiratory center" | - sends signals to Medulla Oblongata to deflate lungs (Herring-Breuer reflex)

Pons Varolii

2 parts of Metencephalon

Cerebellum | Pons

Embryonic structure from which the MEDULLA OBLONGATA develops prenatally

Myelencephalon

Medulla oblongata | major regulatory center for: (DILA and MEDAL)

Gumagamit ng dila: - vomiting - coughing - swallowing Kung san sinasabit medal: - Heart rate - Breathing rate

Chemoreceptors in the CNS specifically in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA that detects CHEMICALS (Blood pH, H, CO2, and O2 changes)

Central chemoreceptors

Central chemoreceptors in the MO that detects chemical changes are sensitive to: (4)

Acidic pH High Hydrogen Hypercapnia (⬆️CO2) Hypoxia

Central chemoreceptors are most sensitive to

Hypercapnia ⬆️CO2

Muscle for DEEP inhalation

External intercostalis muscle

Most important muscle for respiration

Diaphragm

Shape of diaphragm

Dome shape

What innervates the Diaphragm

Phrenic nerve

When central chemoreceptors are stimulated, it activates:

Sympathetic effects: - inc heart rate - hyperventilation Increase excretion of Hydrogen in the kidneys (urine= ⬆️H ⬇️pH = acidic)

Reflex that prevents overinflation of the lungs; controlled by Pons-MO-lungs

Herring-Breuer Reflex

Where are the central chemoreceptors found?

Medulla oblongata

Where are the Peripheral Chemoreceptors found?

Carotid BODY | Aortic BODY

Receptors in the CNS that detects PRESSURE (blood pressure/ pag sinakal)

Baroreceptors

Where are BARORECEPTORS found? ("CSB")

"Carotid SINUS Baroreceptors" | Aortic SINUS

Baroreceptors: Stimulus- HIGH BP EFFECTS: (3)

``` Baroreceptors: Stimulus- HIGH BP EFFECTS: - dec heart rate - dec force of contraction - peripheral vasodilation ```

Baroreceptors: Stimulus - LOW BP Effect: (3)

``` Baroreceptors: Stimulus - LOW BP Effect: - INCREASE heart rate - INCREASE force of contraction - Peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION (⬆️ P. Resistance ⬇️ compliance) ```

Group of neuronal CELL BODIES inside the CNS

Nucleus

Bundle of AXONS in the Cns

Tract

Shape of gray matter

Butterfly or H shape

Gray matter of Spinal cord | OB IS GRAY

Inner part of spinal cord

Part of spinal cord that is resp for passage of MOTOR NEURONS

Ventral (Anterior) Rami of Spinal Cord

Part of spinal cord for passage of SENSORY NEURONS

Dorsal (Posterior) rami of spinal cord

Dorsal or posterior rami of spinal cord extends from

Medulla oblongata to L2 vertebra

Spinal cord terminates at what vertebra

What is the CONE SHAPE termination of spinal cord

Conus terminalis

Horsetail-like extensions of the spinal nerves below its terminal end

Cauda equina | Tail - horse equinox

Spinal tap is done in what vertebra

Mneumonic for rami of spinal cord and fxn | "SPAM"

Sensory Posterior Anterior Motor

Muscles of mastication

Time muscles

2 tracts in the spinal cord

Corticospinal tract | Spinothalamic tract

Bundle of axons from spinal cord to cortex

Corticospinal tract

Bundle of axons from spinal cord to thalamus

Spinothalamic tract

Other name of corticospinal tract

Pyramidal tract

Function of corticospinal tract

For motor

Function of spinothalamic tract

For sensory

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

10. Musculatory II and Nervous I (CNS) Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM