27. Pharmacology V (Cardiovascular/Antibiotics/Antifungals Flashcards
1
Q
Pacemaker of the heart
- loc: superior portion of Right atrium
- crista terminalis
A
Sinoatrial node
2
Q
BQ: Which of the ffg is an anti arrythmic drug?
A
Quinidine
3
Q
BQ: Antiarrythmic drug: ⬇️BP ⬆️💜fxn
A
Digitalis
❤️”digdigdig”
4
Q
BQ: Betablocker + antiarrythmic
Contraindicated for pxs with ASTHMA
A
Propanolol
5
Q
Local anesthetic + antiarrythmic
A
Lidocaine
6
Q
BQ: antiseizure + antiarrythmia
A
Phenytoin
7
Q
BQ: Antiarrythmic drugs ✨
A
Quinidine Procainamide Digitalis Propanolol Lidocaine Phenytoin Amiodarone~ Verapamil Adenosine
8
Q
(Dig-) and (-oside)
A
Glycosides
9
Q
BQ: Drugs that increases efficiency of heart to contract
✅for CHF
A
Glycosides
10
Q
BQ: Glycosides slash Diuretics (2)
A
Digitalis
Digoxin
11
Q
Increases urine formation and urine elimination
✅For EDEMA - to reduce fluid
✅Hypertension - ⬇️BV by urination to ⬇️BP
A
Diuretics
12
Q
BQ: Doc for “mild hypertension”
A
Benzothiazides
13
Q
“mainstay of antihypertensive therapy”
A
Benzothiazides
14
Q
BQ: Most potent diuretic drug
A
Loop diuretics (Furosemide)
15
Q
Multiple classifications of DIGITALIS
A
DIGITALIS:
✅Antiarrythmic
✅Glycoside
✅Diuretic
16
Q
Multiple Classifications of THEOPHYLLINE
A
THEOPHYLLINE:
✅xanthine
✅stimulant
✅diuretic
17
Q
Multiple classifications of PROPANOLOL
A
PROPANOLOL:
✅beta blocker
✅anti arrythmic
✅anti hypertensive
18
Q
Can reduce blood pressure by reducing blood volume
A
Diuretics
19
Q
Ace inhibitors
A
Captopril
20
Q
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
A
Losartan
21
Q
Calcium channel blockers
A
Nifedipine
Verapamil
22
Q
Antianginal drugs administered inhalationally
A
Amyl nitrate
23
Q
3 important chemicals used in formation of anticoagulants
A
Heparin
Coumarin
Indandiones
24
Q
Most common vein involved in thromboembolism
A
Deep femoral vein
25
Anticoagulants
Aspirin
Heparin
Warfarin (Coumadin) from COUMARIN
26
Inhibits fxn of Vit K (⬇️Vit k dep CF: 2/7/9/10 = ⬆️clotting time)
Warfarin (Coumadin)
27
BQ: How to reverse effects of Warfarin resulting to ⬆️clotting time
Increase Vit K (IV)
28
Inhibits bacterial growth
Bacteriostatic
29
Kills bacteria by preventing formation of CELL WALL during CELL DIVISION
Bactericidal
30
Bactericidal antibiotics take effect during what phase of bacterial growth
Exponential or Log phase
31
Bacteriostatic + Bactericidal = Antagonistic (1+1=0)
Nagtatake effect palang yung bactericidal during cell division
32
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (bactericidal)
```
PCMC ("beta lactams")
-Penicillins, cephalosporins,monobactams,carbapenems
Glycopeptides - Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
```
33
"Beta lactams" = Bactericidal ❌cellwall
```
"PCMC"
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems
```
34
Glycopeptide used for tx of Pseudomembranous colitis(c. Difficile🐛) and for TREATMENT OF "MRSA"
Vancomycin
| *metronidazole-pseudomembranous colitis
35
Drug used to treat "mrsa" (methicillin resistant staph aureus)
Vancomycin
36
Most numerous microorg in oral cavity
Strep salivarius
37
Drugs used for GRAM + Strep/staphs oral infections ("Pec")
Penicillins - narrow spectrum
Erythromycin
Cephalosporins
38
Antibiotics for oral infections: (pec) are taken for minimum of how many days
Minimum of 5 days
39
Penicillin resistant staph aureus creates what enzyme against penicillin
Penicillinase or "Beta lactamase"
40
Classified as "penicillinase-resistant penicillin"
Methicillin
41
Tx for mrsa
Vancomycin (Iv)
42
Last resort of antibiotics
Colistin
43
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors=Bactericidal
- PCMC (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems)
- Glycopeptides
- Bacitracin
- cycloserine
44
Only protein synthesis inhibitor that is BACTERICIDAL
Aminoglycosides
| streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin, neomycin
45
Blocks 30s ribosomal unit
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline family
- Tetracycline/Doxycycline/Minocycline
46
BQ: Antibiotic with “broadest spectrum”
Tetracycline
47
Adverse effect of Aminoglycosides
Ototoxic (streptomycin)
48
Drugs that are HEPATOTOXIC (“HART”)
Acetaminophen
Rifampicin
Tetracycline
49
BQ: Drugs assoc with PHOTOSENSITIVITY (“TIN”)
Tetracycline
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
50
Tooth discoloration caused by tetracyclines. Until what age?
8y/o
51
Drug assoc with resistance and superinfections
Tetracycline
52
Macrolides (“MACE”)
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
53
Blocks 50s ribosomal unit
Macrolides
- (Azithro, Clarithro, Erythromycin)
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
54
Most common Side effect of Macrolides:
Gastrointestinal irritation
55
1st Macrolide; has the most severe side effect
Erythromycin
56
Bacteriostatic; but once you increased the dose - it becomes BACTERICIDAL
Clindamycin
57
Used when allergic to penicillin
Clindamycin
| 2nd option: erythromycin
58
Side effect/dse assoc with Clindamycin
Pseudomembranous colitis
59
Blocks 50s ribosomal unit; Last resort due to high toxicity and adverse effects
Chloramphenicol
60
Hemolytic anemia and “GRAY BABY SYNDROME” 👶🏻
Chloramphenicol
61
Protein synthesis inhibitors (bacteriostatic)
AT30/MCC50
- (bactericidal:aminoglycosides)
Lincomycin
62
Biosynthetic pathway inhibitor; mimics PABA
Sulfonamides
63
BQ: Brand name of Co-trimoxazole
Bactrim
64
BQ: 2 drugs combined = Co-trimoxazole / Bactrim
Sulfamethoxazole
| Trimethoprim
65
BQ: Quinolones are derived from?
Quinolines
66
BQ: Which of the ffg is an anti arrythmic drug? *
Quinidine (anti arrythmic)
67
BQ: Most allergenic drug
Penicillin
68
BQ: penicillin administered parenterally
Pen G (inGection)
69
1st penicillins
Pen G
70
Natural penicillins
Pen G
| Pen VK
71
Benzylpenicillin: G or VK?
Pen G
72
Phenoxybemethyl penicillin: G or VK?
Pen VK
73
BQ: Penicillin administered orally?
Pen VK (“vivig”)
74
Extended penicillins - “Aminopenicillins”
Aminopenicillins:
- amoxicillin
- ampicillin
75
BQ: most commonly used when giving oral prophylactic antibiotics to prevent ENDOCARDITIS (strep viridans)
Amoxicillin
76
BQ: prophylactic dosage of amoxicillin
Adults:
Pedo:
Adult - 2g / 2,000mg
Child - 50mg/kg
30-60mins prior to invasive procedure
77
Drug given if allergic sa Penicillin
Clindamycin
78
Prophylactic Dosage of Clindamycin
Adults:
Pedo:
Adults: 600mg
Child: 20mg/kg
79
“Antipseudomonas penicillins”
| broad spectrum
Piperacillin
| Ticarcillin
80
Penicillinase resistant penicillins (“antistaphylococcal penicillins”)
```
Methicillin ✅
Nafcillin
Cloxacillin
Oxacillim
Dicloxacillin
```
81
Doc for upper respiratory tract infections
Co-amoxiclav (Augmentin)
| - amox + clavulanic acid
82
Microorg usually assoc with Pus and Resistance
Staphylococcus
| Prsa/mrsa
83
BQ: has “cross allergenicity” to penicillins
Cephalosporins
84
A broad spectrum antibiotic with FOUR generations
Cephalosporins
85
BQ: Which of the ffg is true about CEPHALOSPORINS?
```
Remember:
1st gen: gram + & narrower
—
—-
4th gen: gram - & broader
```
Example:
| ❌ 1st gen (-) ; 4th gen (+)
86
(-ams)
Monobactams
87
(-ems)
Carbapenems
88
Beta lactam with broadest spectrum
Carbapenems
89
BQ: Drugs effective for Gram positive streps and staphs
PEC
Penicillins
Erythromycin
Cephalosporins
90
Drugs that have slight resistance to Penicillinase
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems
91
BQ: topical antibiotics (except):
Bacitracin
Polymyxin B
Neomycin
92
BQ: which of the ffg drug is given parenteral? *
Ampicillin
93
BQ: Antifungal that is given IV
Amphotericin B
94
DOC for oral candidiasis (“moniliasis/thrush”)
Nystatin
95
(-azole)
Antifungals
96
(-prazole)
PPI: Omeprazole-Gerd
97
Most potent antifungal drug
Griseofulvin
