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d b review > 27. Pharmacology V (Cardiovascular/Antibiotics/Antifungals > Flashcards

27. Pharmacology V (Cardiovascular/Antibiotics/Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

  • loc: superior portion of Right atrium
  • crista terminalis
A

Sinoatrial node

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2
Q

BQ: Which of the ffg is an anti arrythmic drug?

A

Quinidine

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3
Q

BQ: Antiarrythmic drug: ⬇️BP ⬆️💜fxn

A

Digitalis

❤️”digdigdig”

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4
Q

BQ: Betablocker + antiarrythmic

Contraindicated for pxs with ASTHMA

A

Propanolol

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5
Q

Local anesthetic + antiarrythmic

A

Lidocaine

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6
Q

BQ: antiseizure + antiarrythmia

A

Phenytoin

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7
Q

BQ: Antiarrythmic drugs ✨

A 
Quinidine
Procainamide
Digitalis
Propanolol
Lidocaine
Phenytoin
Amiodarone~
Verapamil
Adenosine
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8
Q

(Dig-) and (-oside)

A

Glycosides

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9
Q

BQ: Drugs that increases efficiency of heart to contract

✅for CHF

A

Glycosides

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10
Q

BQ: Glycosides slash Diuretics (2)

A

Digitalis

Digoxin

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11
Q

Increases urine formation and urine elimination
✅For EDEMA - to reduce fluid
✅Hypertension - ⬇️BV by urination to ⬇️BP

A

Diuretics

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12
Q

BQ: Doc for “mild hypertension”

A

Benzothiazides

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13
Q

“mainstay of antihypertensive therapy”

A

Benzothiazides

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14
Q

BQ: Most potent diuretic drug

A

Loop diuretics (Furosemide)

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15
Q

Multiple classifications of DIGITALIS

A

DIGITALIS:
✅Antiarrythmic
✅Glycoside
✅Diuretic

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16
Q

Multiple Classifications of THEOPHYLLINE

A

THEOPHYLLINE:
✅xanthine
✅stimulant
✅diuretic

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17
Q

Multiple classifications of PROPANOLOL

A

PROPANOLOL:
✅beta blocker
✅anti arrythmic
✅anti hypertensive

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18
Q

Can reduce blood pressure by reducing blood volume

A

Diuretics

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19
Q

Ace inhibitors

A

Captopril

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20
Q

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

A

Losartan

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21
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine

Verapamil

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22
Q

Antianginal drugs administered inhalationally

A

Amyl nitrate

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23
Q

3 important chemicals used in formation of anticoagulants

A

Heparin
Coumarin
Indandiones

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24
Q

Most common vein involved in thromboembolism

A

Deep femoral vein

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25
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Aspirin
Heparin
Warfarin (Coumadin) from COUMARIN

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26
Q

Inhibits fxn of Vit K (⬇️Vit k dep CF: 2/7/9/10 = ⬆️clotting time)

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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27
Q

BQ: How to reverse effects of Warfarin resulting to ⬆️clotting time

A

Increase Vit K (IV)

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28
Q

Inhibits bacterial growth

A

Bacteriostatic

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29
Q

Kills bacteria by preventing formation of CELL WALL during CELL DIVISION

A

Bactericidal

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30
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics take effect during what phase of bacterial growth

A

Exponential or Log phase

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31
Q

Bacteriostatic + Bactericidal = Antagonistic (1+1=0)

A

Nagtatake effect palang yung bactericidal during cell division

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32
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors (bactericidal)

A 
PCMC ("beta lactams")
-Penicillins, cephalosporins,monobactams,carbapenems
Glycopeptides - Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
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33
Q

“Beta lactams” = Bactericidal ❌cellwall

A 
"PCMC"
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems
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34
Q

Glycopeptide used for tx of Pseudomembranous colitis(c. Difficile🐛) and for TREATMENT OF “MRSA”

A

Vancomycin

*metronidazole-pseudomembranous colitis

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35
Q

Drug used to treat “mrsa” (methicillin resistant staph aureus)

A

Vancomycin

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36
Q

Most numerous microorg in oral cavity

A

Strep salivarius

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37
Q

Drugs used for GRAM + Strep/staphs oral infections (“Pec”)

A

Penicillins - narrow spectrum
Erythromycin
Cephalosporins

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38
Q

Antibiotics for oral infections: (pec) are taken for minimum of how many days

A

Minimum of 5 days

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39
Q

Penicillin resistant staph aureus creates what enzyme against penicillin

A

Penicillinase or “Beta lactamase”

40
Q

Classified as “penicillinase-resistant penicillin”

A

Methicillin

41
Q

Tx for mrsa

A

Vancomycin (Iv)

42
Q

Last resort of antibiotics

A

Colistin

43
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors=Bactericidal

A
  • PCMC (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems)
  • Glycopeptides
  • Bacitracin
  • cycloserine
44
Q

Only protein synthesis inhibitor that is BACTERICIDAL

A

Aminoglycosides

streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin, neomycin

45
Q

Blocks 30s ribosomal unit

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline family
- Tetracycline/Doxycycline/Minocycline

46
Q

BQ: Antibiotic with “broadest spectrum”

A

Tetracycline

47
Q

Adverse effect of Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxic (streptomycin)

48
Q

Drugs that are HEPATOTOXIC (“HART”)

A

Acetaminophen
Rifampicin
Tetracycline

49
Q

BQ: Drugs assoc with PHOTOSENSITIVITY (“TIN”)

A

Tetracycline
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

50
Q

Tooth discoloration caused by tetracyclines. Until what age?

A

8y/o

51
Q

Drug assoc with resistance and superinfections

A

Tetracycline

52
Q

Macrolides (“MACE”)

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

53
Q

Blocks 50s ribosomal unit

A

Macrolides
- (Azithro, Clarithro, Erythromycin)
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol

54
Q

Most common Side effect of Macrolides:

A

Gastrointestinal irritation

55
Q

1st Macrolide; has the most severe side effect

A

Erythromycin

56
Q

Bacteriostatic; but once you increased the dose - it becomes BACTERICIDAL

A

Clindamycin

57
Q

Used when allergic to penicillin

A

Clindamycin

2nd option: erythromycin

58
Q

Side effect/dse assoc with Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

59
Q

Blocks 50s ribosomal unit; Last resort due to high toxicity and adverse effects

A

Chloramphenicol

60
Q

Hemolytic anemia and “GRAY BABY SYNDROME” 👶🏻

A

Chloramphenicol

61
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors (bacteriostatic)

A

AT30/MCC50
- (bactericidal:aminoglycosides)
Lincomycin

62
Q

Biosynthetic pathway inhibitor; mimics PABA

A

Sulfonamides

63
Q

BQ: Brand name of Co-trimoxazole

A

Bactrim

64
Q

BQ: 2 drugs combined = Co-trimoxazole / Bactrim

A

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

65
Q

BQ: Quinolones are derived from?

A

Quinolines

66
Q

BQ: Which of the ffg is an anti arrythmic drug? *

A

Quinidine (anti arrythmic)

67
Q

BQ: Most allergenic drug

A

Penicillin

68
Q

BQ: penicillin administered parenterally

A

Pen G (inGection)

69
Q

1st penicillins

A

Pen G

70
Q

Natural penicillins

A

Pen G

Pen VK

71
Q

Benzylpenicillin: G or VK?

A

Pen G

72
Q

Phenoxybemethyl penicillin: G or VK?

A

Pen VK

73
Q

BQ: Penicillin administered orally?

A

Pen VK (“vivig”)

74
Q

Extended penicillins - “Aminopenicillins”

A

Aminopenicillins:

  • amoxicillin
  • ampicillin
75
Q

BQ: most commonly used when giving oral prophylactic antibiotics to prevent ENDOCARDITIS (strep viridans)

A

Amoxicillin

76
Q

BQ: prophylactic dosage of amoxicillin
Adults:
Pedo:

A

Adult - 2g / 2,000mg
Child - 50mg/kg

30-60mins prior to invasive procedure

77
Q

Drug given if allergic sa Penicillin

A

Clindamycin

78
Q

Prophylactic Dosage of Clindamycin
Adults:
Pedo:

A

Adults: 600mg
Child: 20mg/kg

79
Q

“Antipseudomonas penicillins”

broad spectrum

A

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

80
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins (“antistaphylococcal penicillins”)

A 
Methicillin ✅
Nafcillin
Cloxacillin
Oxacillim
Dicloxacillin
81
Q

Doc for upper respiratory tract infections

A

Co-amoxiclav (Augmentin)

- amox + clavulanic acid

82
Q

Microorg usually assoc with Pus and Resistance

A

Staphylococcus

Prsa/mrsa

83
Q

BQ: has “cross allergenicity” to penicillins

A

Cephalosporins

84
Q

A broad spectrum antibiotic with FOUR generations

A

Cephalosporins

85
Q

BQ: Which of the ffg is true about CEPHALOSPORINS?

Remember:
1st gen: gram + & narrower
—
—-
4th gen: gram - & broader
A

Example:

❌ 1st gen (-) ; 4th gen (+)

86
Q

(-ams)

A

Monobactams

87
Q

(-ems)

A

Carbapenems

88
Q

Beta lactam with broadest spectrum

A

Carbapenems

89
Q

BQ: Drugs effective for Gram positive streps and staphs

A

PEC
Penicillins
Erythromycin
Cephalosporins

90
Q

Drugs that have slight resistance to Penicillinase

A

Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

91
Q

BQ: topical antibiotics (except):

A

Bacitracin
Polymyxin B
Neomycin

92
Q

BQ: which of the ffg drug is given parenteral? *

A

Ampicillin

93
Q

BQ: Antifungal that is given IV

A

Amphotericin B

94
Q

DOC for oral candidiasis (“moniliasis/thrush”)

A

Nystatin

95
Q

(-azole)

A

Antifungals

96
Q

(-prazole)

A

PPI: Omeprazole-Gerd

97
Q

Most potent antifungal drug

A

Griseofulvin

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