1. Cellular Anatomy Flashcards
Provides shape and does not allow Osmosis?
Cell wall
What is the function of HISTONES?
Attachment
Which has a “bead on strings” appearance?
Chromatin
BEFORE cell division
Chromatin
DURING cell division
Chromatid
Function of Nuclear pores?
Passageway
This is the inactive condensed X chromosome?
Barr bodies
Female without barr body? ( 44X0 )
Turner’s Syndrome
Male with one barr body? ( 44XXY )
Klinefelter syndrome
Female with 3 barr bodies? (44XXX)
Superwoman Syndrome / Triple X syndrome
Charac of Klinefelter syndrome
- Gynecomastia
- Micropenis
Dental: bull’s teeth / TAURODONTISM
Stage 1: Iris/Target/Bullseye lesion
Erythema multiforme
Stage 1-
2-
3-
1- Erythema multiforme
2 - Steven Johnson Syndrome
3 - TEN / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi? (Tick)
Lyme disease
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is initiated by what digestive organelle?
Lysosomes
3 Types of Nuclear Changes during Apoptosis?
Karyolysis - dissolution
Pyknosis - shrinks or napipi
Karyorrhexis - fragments (samurai X)
4 other names of KREB CYCLE
Citric acid cycle
Aerobic glycolysis
Aerobic respiration
Tricarboxylic cycle
3 ways to produce ATP
Kreb cycle
Glycolysis
Creatine phosphate
4 Fuels for Kreb cycle
Fatty acids
Amino acids
Oxygen
Pyruvate
Fuel for Glycolysis
Glucose
Fuel for creatine phosphate
Creatine phosphate
End products of kreb cycle
36-38 ATP
CO2
H20
End prod of Glycolysis
2 Atp
2 pyruvate
End prod of Creatine phosphate
1 Atp
1 creatinine
Site for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Other term for protein synthesis
Translation
Ribosomes are composed of what type of RNA
rRNA
Ribosomes are created where?
Nucleolus
PURINES “Pure As Gold”
Adenine
Guanine
PYRIMIDINES
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Nucleic bases that are both DNA/RNA
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Nucleic base wc is only a RNA
Uracil
Nucleic base which is only a DNA
Thymine
Direct end product of transcription
mRNA
Basic structures of proteins
Amino acids
Amino acids are made up of what elements
CHON
Newly synthesized DNA (Duplicate)
Okazaki fragments
Female px breath smells like nail polish remover. What possible disease
Diabetes
Smells like acetone
Ketone bodies
Excessive breakdown of Fats
Lipolysis
2 possible sites for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
RER
Normal FBS level
70-100 mg/dL
How many hours to fast? (FBS)
8-12 hrs
After eating: what state are you in? Inc in FBS
Hyperglycemic state
During hyperglycemic state, BETA CELLS of pancreas secrete
Insulin
Insulin sensitive cells
Liver
Skeletal muscles
Adipocytes
Is Convertion of glucose to fatty acids possible?
Yes
Is conv of FA to glucose possible?
NO
During hypoglycemia ALPHA CELLS of the pancreas secrete _ to maintain FBS
Glucagon
Limit of glycogen
2lbs
Excess glycogen converted to
Fatty acids stored in Adipocytes
Shape of adipocytes
Signet ring
Process: Glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
Process: proteins to glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Packaged products of Golgi app
Lysosomes
Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern
Centrioles
Cell with cartwheel NUCLEUS or clockface
Plasma cells
Inc surface area of a cell for ABSORPTION
Microvilli
Lining of stomach to anus
Simple columnar with MICROVILLI
Has a brush border appearance
Microvilli
9+2 pattern arrangement
Cilia
Cilia is common in the - and _
Respiratory epithelium
Fallopian tube
Lining of respiratory epi
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
Motile, common in sperm cell and bacteria
Flagella
Impt in mucus production, traps dust
Goblet cells
Helps in excretion of mucus
Cilia
What initiates flagellar act and chemotaxis
Chemotactic agent
Movt of flagella
Flagellar activity
Movt of org from pt A to pt B
Chemotaxis
Number of sperm to fertilize an egg
100-250m
Chemo agent of sperm
Any round object (egg)
Sperm can penetrate egg using
Acrosome - Hyaluronidase
Protective covering of egg
Hyaluronic acid
Mitochondria of sperm are located in
Tail or base of head
Part of cell that allows OSMOSIS?
Cell membrane
Enlarged / dilated part of Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Terminal Cisternae
Used to detect kidney problems
Creatinine