30. Orthodontics I Flashcards
1
Q
Father of MODERN dentistry
A
Edward angle
2
Q
Father of ortho
A
Norman kingsley
3
Q
MB cusp of Max 1st molar lines up with the buccal groove of the Mn 1st molar
Mx canine lies between the Mn canine and 1PM
A
Class I / Neutrocclusion
4
Q
Class I Type 1
A
Anterior crowding
5
Q
Class I Type 2
A
Labioversion
Procline anteriors
6
Q
Class I Type 3
A
Anterior crossbite
7
Q
“Negative overjet”
A
Crossbite
8
Q
Horizontal overlap
A
Overjet
9
Q
Class I Type 4
A
Posterior crossbite
10
Q
Class I Type 5
A
Mesial drifting
6 months to move
11
Q
First sign of Drifting
A
Rotation
12
Q
Class I Type 6
A
Bimaxillary protrusion
13
Q
🔺MB cusp of the Mx 1M falls between the Mn 1M and 2PM
🔺Mx canine is mesial to mn canine
A
Class II / Distocclusion/ Retrognathism
14
Q
BQ: “Sunday bite”
A
Class II Div 1
15
Q
Mx incisor in extreme labioversion
✅Proclined CI
A
Class II Div 1
16
Q
Mx incisor tipped palatally and in retruded position
Mx laterals are tipped labially or mesially
✅ proclined LI
✅retroclined CI
A
Class II Div 2
17
Q
Class II Div 1 “subdivision”
A
Subdivision: ✅ one molar - class I ✅ one molar - class II
18
Q
🔺MB cusp of 1M falls between the Mn 1M and 2M
🔺 Mx canine is distal to Mn canine
✅ Overjet = 0mm or negative
A
Class III / mesiocclusion / prognathism
19
Q
Class III type 1
A
Edge to edge/ cusp to cusp/ end to end
20
Q
Class III Type 2
A
Anterior crowding
21
Q
Class III Type 3
A
Anterior crossbite
22
Q
BQ: What is the most common malocclusion?
A
Class I malocclusion
23
Q
BQ: Bimaxillary protrusion is classified under what malocclusion?
A
Class I Type 6
24
Q
3 signs of incipient malocclusion:
A
- Lack of interdental spacing in primary dentition
- Perm ant have greater MD width than primary ant - Crowding of permanent incisors in mixed dentition
- Premature loss of primary canine (mandibular)
- Insufficient arch size in the ant region / lack of space
25
BQ: Appliance used for premature loss of primary mandibular canine
Boards: "LHA" (with spurs)
26
BQ: Normal eruption sequence of mx teeth
612(453)78
27
BQ: Normal eruption sequence of mandibular teeth
612(345)78
28
BQ: Permanent anterior teeth erupts in what direction?
Lingually-apically
29
BQ: Primary anterior teeth erupts in what direction?
Occlusally-facially
30
BQ: Followed by permanent teeth during eruption
Gabernacular cord
31
BQ: Which surface of the deciduous teeth resorbs first when permanent teeth erupts?
Lingual surface
32
Sibilants
S, Z
33
Associated malocc with sibilants (S, Z)
Anterior open bite
| Large gap between incisors
34
Linguodental sounds
T, D
35
Assoc malocc with linguodental sounds (T, D)
Irregular incisors (li position of mx incisors)
36
Fricatives
F, V
37
Assoc malocc with fricatives (F, V)
Skeletal class III
38
Bilabial sounds
B,P,M
39
BQ: Closest speaking space
"s"
40
Best treatment for LONG TERM LOSS of Perm Mn 1M
| Case: exo of #6 ~ Px 12y/o ➡️ 25y/o ❌replacement of #6
Molar uprighting
41
Tipping the crown of 2nd molar distally and opening a space for a pontic to replace 1st molar
Molar uprighting
42
Time frame for molar uprighting:
6-12months
43
Stabilization period for simple molar uprighting
2 months
44
Stabilization period for complicated cases of molar uprighting
6months
45
Case:
👩🏻: 12y/o
❌ exo of #6
What space maintainer to use? (FPD/RPD?)
RPD
| - growth stage of Mn / Mx (❌fpd = ✅18y/o)
46
BQ: Closed apex of first molars: what age
9 years old
| Closed apex = +2-3* yrs to age of eruption
47
Determines tooth-tooth, bone-bone and tooth-bone relationships
Shows the amount and direction of craniofacial growth
Cephalometrics
48
BQ: what is the poor man's cephalometrics?
Facial profile analysis (Glabella/subnasale/tip of chin)
49
Straight facial profile
Skeletal class I
50
Convex facial profile
Skelatal class II
51
Concave facial profile
Skeletal class III
52
BQ: Facial type is the RATIO OF?
Ratio of glabella-chin and bizygomatic width
53
Arch: parabola / rounded
| What facial type?
Mesofacial / Mesocephalic
54
Arch: tapering/ narrow/ long ^
| What facial type?
Dolichocephalic/ dolichofacial
55
Arch: square/broad
| What facial type?
Brachyfacial/brachycephalic
56
Used to predict the size of the UNERUPTED 3,4,5 through calculations
MDA
57
"RATIO/ PROPORTION OF MN AND MX" tooth size
| ✅ estimate "OVERBITE and OVERJET"
Bolton's analysis
58
Determine if crowding is due to inadequate "APICAL BASES" based on measurement on apical base with at premolar
Howe's analysis
59
Suggests ideal "MX 4,5,6" arch form based on MD diameter of Mx "22/21"
Ponts index
60
BQ: if FL > MD = broader "CONTACT AREAS" which will result in more stable and resistant crowding
Peck and peck
61
Classified teeth into "SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE"
Sanim-Savarra
62
highest point in the concavity behind the "occipital condyle"
Bolton (Bo)
63
The most forward and highest point of the anterior margin of the "FORAMEN MAGNUM"
basion (Ba)
64
the point of "INTERSECTION" of the contour of the posterior cranial base and the posterior contour of the condylar process
Articulare (Ar)
65
Bridge of nose
Nasion
66
Nasion is a junction of what bones?
Frontal bone and nasal bone
67
Nasal bone is deficient in what disease
Down's syndrome
68
Soft tissue counterpart of NASION
Glabella
69
Most superior margin of the external auditory canal
Porion (Po)
70
The midpoint of sella turcica
Sella
71
Gland found in the sella turcica
Pituitary gland
72
MOST INFERIOR PORTION of the orbit
Orbitale
73
Innermost point on contour of premaxilla between incisor and ANS
Point A
74
Other name for POINT A
Subspinale
75
Soft tissue counterpart of point A
Subnasale
76
Innermost point on contour of mandible bet incisor and bony chin
Point b
77
Other term for point B
Supramentale
78
Soft tissue counterpart of Point B
Tip of the chin
79
Most ant point of the contour of the chin
Pogonion (pog)
80
Most inf part of the mn symphysis
Menton (Me)
81
Lowest most posterior point on the mn with teeth in occlusion
Gonion
82
Angle of the mn
Gonion
83
BQ: Most stable landmark in cephalometric radiograph
Sella
84
BQ: What is the point between Pogonion and Menton?
Gnathion
85
BQ: Represents the "anterior cranial base"
Sella-Nasion* (pag isa lang)
| Frankfurt Horizontal Plane
86
BQ: Nasion to pogonion forms what plane?
Facial plane
87
BQ: Menton to gonion forms what plane?
Mandibular plane
88
Normal range of Frankfurt Mandibular plane angle
28. 7 +/- 5.8
| 22. 9-34.5
89
STEEP mn plane angle =
Long vertical dimension
Anterior open bite (mouth breather!!) - difficult to pronounce "s"
Class II
90
FLAT mn plane angle =
Short anterior vertical dimension
Deep bite
Class III
91
BQ: Normal range of ANB
2.5 +/- 2.5
| 0-5
92
>5 ANB = what is the skeletal relationship?
Skeletal class II
93
<0 or negative ANB = what is the skeletal relationship?
Skeletal class III
94
Only movement of any removable appliance
Tipping
95
Most common orthodontic tooth movt
Tipping
96
Most common retainers
Hawley appliance
97
3 indications of Removable appliance
1. Tipping movts
2. Retention after comprehensive movts
3. Growth modification during the mixed dentition (headgears)
98
```
BQ:
Case:
👩🏻: 8y/o
❌ exo of #6
📌What is the treatment in premature loss of #6 in ages 8-10y/o???
```
No treatment, observe only
99
Mixed dentition period is aka
Ugly duckling stage
100
Mixed dentition period:
✅ starts at what age?
🚫 ends at what age?
Start : 6y/o
| Ends : 12y/o
101
Initial tooth movement (mesial drifting) happens when?
After 6 months
102
Major components of REMOVABLE APPLIANCE:
Retentive component
Framework or baseplate
Active component or tooth moving component
Anchorage component
103
Retentive component of Removable appliances that is commonly used in space regainers
Adams clasp
104
Material used as framework or baseplate in removable appliances in removable appliances
Acrylic (Polymethyl methacrylate)
105
Initial sign of tooth movement
Rotation
106
Maximum space a space regainer can regain
<3mm space
107
Mechanism of action of space regainers
Causes distal tipping of first molars
108
Space regainers can only be used until
Eruption of 7s
| Not useful once erupted na second molar
109
Most common denture base material (chemical name)
Polymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic)
110
Consists of springs, jack screws, or elastics
Active component or tooth moving component
111
Resists force of active component
Anchorage component
112
Appliance that doesnt move the teeth
Passive appliance
113
Example of passive appliance:
Space maintainers
114
Does passive appliance have an anchorage component?
None (✅retentive components only)
115
Appliance that moves the teeth
Active appliance
116
Example of an active appliance:
Space regainers
117
Does active appliance have an anchorage component?
Yes
118
Appliances used to alter or modify growth
Headgears
119
BQ: Headgears are usually used in what skeletal relationship?
Developing skeletal class II
120
Time of the day when headgears are worn? Why?
During dinner: 6pm to 9pm
| - Growth hormone is released during this time
121
Treatment length of headgears:
6-18months
122
Headgears for DEVELOPING SKELETAL CLASS II
High pull/parietal pull
Cervical pull
Straight pull
123
Type of headgear: headcap connected to facebow
High pull or parietal pull headgear
124
BQ: Movement of high pull headgear
"Distal and intrusive" force on Maxillary molars and maxilla
125
Type of headgear: neck strap connected to facebow
Cervical pull headgear
126
BQ: Movement of cervical pull headgear
"Distal and EXTRUSIVE" force in mx tth and maxilla
127
BQ: Movement of straight pull headgear
DISTAL ONLY!!
128
BQ: Only headgear used for developing skeletal class III to move maxilla-ant and mn-post
Reverse pull headgear/ Facemask
129
"facemask" headgear
Reverse pull headgear
130
Type of headgear: inhibits forward growth of mandible
Chin cup
131
Is it possible to stop the growth of the mandible?
No. Redirect only
132
Growth displacement of Mandible
Downward and forward
133
BQ: what is the extraoral headgear used to treat scoliosis?
Milwaukee brace
134
Appliance designed to modify growth during mixed dentition both dental and skeletal effects
✅Used during GROWTH STAGE!
Functional appliance
135
Functional appliance is used for what skeletal relationship?
Developing skeletal class II
136
MOA: advances mn forward and allows condyle to move superiorly and posteriorly towards the fossa
Mech of action of FUNCTIONAL APP
137
Functional appliance: anchorage on tooth
Tooth borne appliance
138
Functional appliance: anchorage on soft tissue (lips/cheeks)
Tissue borne appliance
139
BQ: TOOTH BORNE APPLIANCES
| All of the ffg are tooth borne appliances EXCEPT:
Activator
Bionator
Herbst
Twin block
140
BQ: the ONLY TISSUE BORNE APPLIANCE
Frankel functional appliance
141
Tooth borne appliance: advances the mandible to an edge to edge position to stimulate mandibular growth for class II
activator
142
Tooth borne appliance: trimmed down version of activator
Bionator
143
Tooth borne appliance: Max and Mand framework splinted together via PIN AND TUBE that holds the mn forward
Herbst
144
Tooth borne appliance: uses two piece acrylic appliance
Twin block
145
Fixed appliance: what movements?
All movements!
146
Four basic components of fixed appliance
Band
Brackets
Archwires
Auxillaries
147
Fixed appliance with HORIZONTALLY positioned slot
| ✅siamese twin brackets: double wings for inc rotational and tip control of roots
Edgewise appliance
148
Edgewise appliance is discovered by
Edward angle
149
2 types of edgewise app
Conventional edgewise tech
| Straight wire technique
150
Wire used in conventional edgewise tech: for controlled force
Ss wires
| ✅bendable
151
Wire used in straight wire tech
NiTi wires (memory wires)
152
Variation of edgewise
Straight wire appliance
153
Fixed app: VERTICALLY positioned slot
Ribbon-arch appliance
154
Ss wires are made up of what combination of metals
Cobalt and chromium
155
Self ligating brackets
Damon brackets
156
BQ: What is the most commonly used orthodontic app?
Edgewise appliance
157
BQ: What is the modified ribbon arch appliance
Begg appliance
158
Uses MOLAR "BANDS"
| ✅ GIC for cementing: fluoride release
Banding
159
Where does excess fluoride excreted?
Kidney
160
BQ: most common etchant used
37% phosphoric acid
161
Etching is also called
Conditioning
162
Etchant used for etching before bonding???
35-50% unbuffered phosphoric acid
163
BQ: Who introduced enamel "ETCHING"?
BQ: What year?
Buonocore (1955)
164
BQ: Component of bonding agent
bisGMA
165
BQ: bonding agent was discovered by
BQ: what year?
Bowen (1962)
166
BQ: Properties of archwires
| All of the ffg...EXCEPT
Hugh strength
Low stiffness
High range
High formability
167
Metal: for rigidity
Cobalt
168
Metal: corrosion resistance
Chromium
169
3 Alloy composition:
Stainless and cobalt chromium alloy
NiTi
beta-Ti
170
Property of nickel (kayang ishape)
Nickel is ductile
171
BQ: Px = braces ✅ ; had an allergic reaction. What is the cause?
NiTi
172
aka "titanium molybdenum"
Beta-Ti
173
In and out bends
First order
174
BQ: Movts of first order wire bending
facial
Lingual
Rotational
175
Tip bends
Second order
176
BQ: Movts of second order wire bending
Mesial and Distal
177
BQ: Movt of third order wire bending
Torque
178
"Intra arch elastics" / Horizontal elastics
Class I elastics
179
BQ: loc and movt of elastics in Class I elastics
Distal of 3
| Mesial of 6
180
BQ: loc and movt of elastics in CLASS II ELASTICS
⬆️3: distal/extrusive
| ⬇️6: mesial/extrusive
181
BQ: loc and movt of CLASS III ELASTICS
⬇️3 - distal/extrusive
| ⬆️6 -mesial/extrusive
182
Elastics used to treat open bite in adults for up to 2mm
Anterior elastics
183
Elastics to treat Class II division 1 (SUNDAY BITE)
Zigzag elastics
