[57] Optogenetics Flashcards
What is optogenetics?
It’s a biological technique that involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons.
What are the main components of optogenetic systems?
- Light-sensitive proteins
- Light source
- Optical transmission system
What is a common light-sensitive protein used in optogenetics?
Channelrhodopsin
What is the role of channelrhodopsin in optogenetics?
It opens in response to blue light, allowing ions to pass through the membrane, which can activate neurons.
How is light delivered to cells in optogenetics?
Usually through fiber-optic cables or implanted LEDs.
What is an opsin?
A light-sensitive protein found in photoreceptor cells.
How does optogenetics contribute to neuroscience research?
It allows precise control over neuron activity, enabling the study of how specific neurons contribute to behavior and disease.
What does LED stand for in the context of optogenetics?
Light Emitting Diode
What is the difference between Channelrhodopsin and Halorhodopsin?
Channelrhodopsin is activated by blue light and causes neuron firing, while Halorhodopsin is activated by yellow light and inhibits neuron firing.
What can optogenetics reveal about a neural circuit?
It can reveal how the circuit’s activity leads to specific behaviors or cognitive processes.
How can optogenetics potentially contribute to treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders?
By providing a way to manipulate specific neural pathways, it might help develop targeted treatments.
What is the role of light in optogenetics?
It’s used to control the activity of light-sensitive proteins, which in turn control neuron activity.
What is the principle behind the use of optogenetics in controlling neuron activity?
When light-sensitive proteins in neurons are exposed to light of a specific wavelength, they can either activate or inhibit the neuron.
What kind of light source is commonly used in optogenetics?
Lasers or LEDs
How is optogenetics different from traditional methods of brain stimulation?
It offers cell-type specificity and precise temporal control, enabling activation or inhibition of specific neurons at specific times.
