[56] Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Molecular Biology Flashcards
How are Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied in Molecular Biology?
They are used for tasks like predicting protein structure, analyzing genomic sequences, identifying disease biomarkers, and personalizing medical treatments.
Define Machine Learning (ML).
ML is a type of AI that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
Define Artificial Intelligence (AI).
AI is a branch of computer science that aims to create systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making.
What is a protein structure prediction?
It is a method to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence.
How is Machine Learning used in protein structure prediction?
ML algorithms learn from existing data of known protein structures to predict the structure of unknown proteins.
What role does AI play in analyzing genomic sequences?
AI can process and analyze large genomic datasets to identify patterns and associations that could be indicative of genetic diseases or traits.
How can Machine Learning help in identifying disease biomarkers?
ML can analyze complex biological data to identify patterns or specific markers that are associated with the presence of disease.
What is personalized medicine in the context of ML and AI in Molecular Biology?
It involves using ML and AI to analyze a patient’s unique genetic makeup to tailor treatments specifically for them.
How does AI contribute to personalized medicine?
AI can analyze large amounts of genomic data, predict patient responses to different treatments, and aid in the selection of the most effective treatment for individual patients.
What is a genetic variant?
It’s a difference in the sequence of DNA among individuals.
How does Machine Learning assist in the interpretation of genetic variants?
ML can predict the functional impact of genetic variants by learning from known variant-disease associations.
How does AI aid in drug discovery and development?
AI can analyze vast datasets to identify potential drug targets, predict drug efficacy, and minimize potential side-effects.
What is a drug target in the context of Molecular Biology?
It’s a molecule in the body, usually a protein, that is intrinsically involved in a disease process and that could be addressed by a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
What is the role of Machine Learning in genomics?
ML helps in understanding the relationship between an individual’s genome and their phenotype or disease risk by analyzing large-scale genomic data.
What is Phenotype?
It is the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
