[49] Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) Flashcards
What is meant by Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs)?
Alterations made to proteins after their synthesis.
What are PTMs in the context of protein biology?
Modifications of protein structure after its synthesis.
List some common types of PTMs.
- Phosphorylation
- Methylation
- Acetylation
- Ubiquitination
- Glycosylation
What is the role of PTMs in protein function?
They can influence the protein’s activity, location, or interaction with other proteins.
Define phosphorylation in the context of PTMs.
The addition of a phosphate group to a protein.
What is the role of phosphorylation as a PTM?
It can activate or deactivate the protein’s function.
Define methylation in the context of PTMs.
The addition of a methyl group to a protein.
What is the role of methylation as a PTM?
It can alter the protein’s interaction with DNA or other proteins.
Define acetylation in the context of PTMs.
The addition of an acetyl group to a protein.
What is the role of acetylation as a PTM?
It can alter protein function and promote protein-protein interactions.
Define ubiquitination in the context of PTMs.
The addition of an ubiquitin protein to a protein.
What is the role of ubiquitination as a PTM?
It often marks proteins for degradation.
Define glycosylation in the context of PTMs.
The addition of a carbohydrate to a protein.
What is the role of glycosylation as a PTM?
It plays crucial roles in protein folding, stability, and cell-cell interaction.
Why are PTMs significant in biological processes?
They add complexity to the proteome and allow for a greater variety of protein function and regulation.
What does PTM stand for?
Post-Translational Modification
Which enzyme is commonly involved in phosphorylation?
Kinase
Which enzyme is commonly involved in dephosphorylation?
Phosphatase
What is the relationship between PTMs and disease?
Abnormal PTMs can lead to changes in protein function, potentially contributing to disease states.
How do PTMs add complexity to the proteome?
They increase the functional diversity of the proteome beyond what is encoded in the genome.
