[49] Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs)?

A

Alterations made to proteins after their synthesis.

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2
Q

What are PTMs in the context of protein biology?

A

Modifications of protein structure after its synthesis.

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3
Q

List some common types of PTMs.

A
  • Phosphorylation
  • Methylation
  • Acetylation
  • Ubiquitination
  • Glycosylation
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4
Q

What is the role of PTMs in protein function?

A

They can influence the protein’s activity, location, or interaction with other proteins.

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5
Q

Define phosphorylation in the context of PTMs.

A

The addition of a phosphate group to a protein.

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6
Q

What is the role of phosphorylation as a PTM?

A

It can activate or deactivate the protein’s function.

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7
Q

Define methylation in the context of PTMs.

A

The addition of a methyl group to a protein.

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8
Q

What is the role of methylation as a PTM?

A

It can alter the protein’s interaction with DNA or other proteins.

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9
Q

Define acetylation in the context of PTMs.

A

The addition of an acetyl group to a protein.

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10
Q

What is the role of acetylation as a PTM?

A

It can alter protein function and promote protein-protein interactions.

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11
Q

Define ubiquitination in the context of PTMs.

A

The addition of an ubiquitin protein to a protein.

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12
Q

What is the role of ubiquitination as a PTM?

A

It often marks proteins for degradation.

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13
Q

Define glycosylation in the context of PTMs.

A

The addition of a carbohydrate to a protein.

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14
Q

What is the role of glycosylation as a PTM?

A

It plays crucial roles in protein folding, stability, and cell-cell interaction.

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15
Q

Why are PTMs significant in biological processes?

A

They add complexity to the proteome and allow for a greater variety of protein function and regulation.

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16
Q

What does PTM stand for?

A

Post-Translational Modification

17
Q

Which enzyme is commonly involved in phosphorylation?

A

Kinase

18
Q

Which enzyme is commonly involved in dephosphorylation?

A

Phosphatase

19
Q

What is the relationship between PTMs and disease?

A

Abnormal PTMs can lead to changes in protein function, potentially contributing to disease states.

20
Q

How do PTMs add complexity to the proteome?

A

They increase the functional diversity of the proteome beyond what is encoded in the genome.