[29] Advanced Gene Delivery Systems Flashcards
What are Gene Delivery Systems?
Methods used to introduce foreign DNA into host cells.
What is the purpose of Gene Delivery Systems?
To alter the genetic makeup of cells for research, medicine, or biotechnology.
What are examples of Advanced Gene Delivery Systems?
- Viral vectors (e.g., lentivirus, adenovirus)
- Non-viral vectors (e.g., liposomes, nanoparticles)
How does a Viral Vector work in gene delivery?
It is modified to carry therapeutic genes instead of its viral genome and then used to infect target cells.
What is a Non-viral Vector?
It includes physical methods (e.g., electroporation) and chemical methods (e.g., liposomes) to deliver genes into cells.
How does Electroporation work in gene delivery?
By applying an electric field to cells, it increases the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing DNA to enter.
How does a Liposome work in gene delivery?
Liposomes can encapsulate DNA and deliver it to cells by fusing with the cell membrane.
What is the advantage of using Viral Vectors in gene delivery?
High efficiency of gene delivery and long-term expression of the gene.
What is the disadvantage of using Viral Vectors in gene delivery?
- Potential for immune response
- Limited packaging capacity
What is the advantage of using Non-viral Vectors in gene delivery?
- No viral proteins, thus less immunogenic
- Can carry larger genes
What is the disadvantage of using Non-viral Vectors in gene delivery?
- Lower efficiency of gene delivery
- Transient expression of the gene
What is the purpose of Surface Modification in gene delivery systems?
To target specific cells and to enhance the stability and delivery efficiency of vectors.
What is “Gene Therapy”?
A technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease.
What role do Advanced Gene Delivery Systems play in Gene Therapy?
They deliver therapeutic genes to patient’s cells, forming the basis of gene therapy.
What are the challenges in designing Advanced Gene Delivery Systems?
- Achieving targeted delivery
- Avoiding immune responses
- Ensuring safety and efficacy
What is the importance of “transfection efficiency” in gene delivery systems?
It refers to the percentage of cells that take up and express the delivered gene, and higher efficiency leads to better experimental or therapeutic outcomes.
How does “nanoparticle” work in gene delivery?
Nanoparticles can be designed to package and protect DNA, and facilitate its entry into cells.
What are “dendrimers” in the context of gene delivery?
Dendrimers are highly branched molecules that can bind to DNA and deliver it into cells.
What is “gene silencing” in the context of gene delivery?
It refers to techniques (like RNA interference) that inhibit the expression of specific genes. Advanced gene delivery systems can be used to deliver these inhibitory molecules.
What are safety considerations in designing gene delivery systems?
- Minimizing off-target effects
- Avoiding insertional mutagenesis
- Minimizing immune responses
