[18] Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is NGS?

A

High-throughput technology that allows for sequencing of DNA and RNA much more quickly and cheaply than traditional sequencing methods.

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2
Q

Define NGS initials

A

Next Generation Sequencing

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3
Q

What are the main applications of NGS?

A
  • Whole genome sequencing
  • Targeted gene sequencing
  • Metagenomics
  • Genotyping
  • RNA sequencing
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4
Q

What is whole genome sequencing in the context of NGS?

A

A comprehensive method for analyzing entire genomes.

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5
Q

What is targeted gene sequencing in the context of NGS?

A

The study of specific genes or regions of interest within a genome.

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6
Q

What is metagenomics in the context of NGS?

A

The study of genetic material directly from environmental samples.

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7
Q

What is genotyping in the context of NGS?

A

The process of determining differences in the genetic make-up of an individual by examining the individual’s DNA sequence.

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8
Q

What is RNA sequencing in the context of NGS?

A

The use of NGS to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA in a biological sample at a given moment.

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9
Q

What are the key advantages of NGS over traditional sequencing methods?

A
  • Higher throughput
  • Lower cost
  • Greater speed
  • More detailed information
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10
Q

What are some limitations of NGS?

A
  • Requires high computational resources
  • Data storage and management challenges
  • Errors in sequencing
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11
Q

What is Illumina sequencing?

A

A commonly used NGS technology that uses sequencing by synthesis method.

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12
Q

What is Ion Torrent sequencing?

A

An NGS technology that detects hydrogen ions released during DNA replication.

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13
Q

What is Pyrosequencing?

A

An NGS method that uses enzyme cascade and light detection to sequence DNA.

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14
Q

What is Oxford Nanopore sequencing?

A

A sequencing technology that reads DNA strands directly as they pass through a nanopore.

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15
Q

How has NGS impacted genomics research?

A

It has revolutionized genomics by allowing for rapid sequencing of large portions of the genome at a relatively low cost.

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16
Q

What are some potential future applications of NGS?

A
  • Precision medicine
  • Forensics
  • Agriculture and food safety
  • Environmental monitoring
17
Q

How does NGS work?

A

It simultaneously sequences thousands or millions of fragments of DNA.

18
Q

What are some challenges for NGS in clinical settings?

A
  • Data interpretation
  • Ethical considerations
  • Data storage and security
19
Q

What is the role of bioinformatics in NGS?

A

Bioinformatics is critical in analyzing and interpreting the vast amount of data produced by NGS.

20
Q

How has NGS advanced personalized medicine?

A

It allows for precise identification of genetic variations, enabling targeted therapies based on an individual’s genetic makeup.