[50] Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine

Question 1

What is Genomic Medicine?

Answer 1

The medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual for clinical care.

Question 2

What is Personalized Medicine?

Answer 2

The tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient.

Question 3

How does Genomic Medicine contribute to Personalized Medicine?

Answer 3

By providing information about a person’s genetic makeup to guide decisions made in regard to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.

Question 4

What are the potential benefits of Personalized Medicine?

Answer 4

• Increased effectiveness of treatment
• Reduced side effects
• Prevention strategies tailored to individual risk

Question 5

What is the Human Genome Project?

Answer 5

An international research project with the goal of determining the sequence of human DNA and identifying the genes that it contains.

Question 6

How has the Human Genome Project contributed to Genomic Medicine?

Answer 6

It provided a reference sequence of the human genome and identified genes associated with various diseases, which are used in genomic medicine.

Question 7

What is Genomic Sequencing?

Answer 7

The process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time.

Question 8

How does Genomic Sequencing contribute to Personalized Medicine?

Answer 8

By identifying genetic variants in individuals, which can inform personalized treatment strategies.

Question 9

What are Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)?

Answer 9

Variations at single positions in a DNA sequence among individuals.

Question 10

How do SNPs contribute to Personalized Medicine?

Answer 10

Certain SNPs are associated with response to certain drugs or risk of disease, which can guide personalized medical decisions.

Question 11

Define the term “Pharmacogenomics”.

Answer 11

The study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.

Question 12

How does Pharmacogenomics contribute to Personalized Medicine?

Answer 12

By understanding how a person’s genetic make-up affects their response to drugs, it can guide the choice of drugs and doses for each individual.

Question 13

What is a Genetic Marker?

Answer 13

A DNA sequence with a known physical location on a chromosome and associated with a particular gene or trait.

Question 14

How can Genetic Markers contribute to Genomic Medicine?

Answer 14

Genetic markers can be used to identify genetic variants associated with diseases, which can inform diagnosis and treatment decisions in genomic medicine.

Question 15

What is Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)?

Answer 15

An observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait.

Question 16

How do GWAS contribute to Genomic Medicine?

Answer 16

They can identify genetic variants associated with diseases, which can inform diagnosis and treatment decisions in genomic medicine.

Question 17

What is the main challenge in Personalized Medicine?

Answer 17

The main challenge is translating genomic research into clinical practice, including ethical, legal, and social issues.

Question 18

How can Genomic Medicine impact disease prevention?

Answer 18

It can identify individuals with genetic predispositions to certain diseases, allowing for personalized prevention strategies.

Question 19

How can Genomic Medicine contribute to diagnosis?

Answer 19

By identifying genetic variants associated with diseases, it can provide a precise diagnosis.

Question 20

How can Genomic Medicine contribute to treatment?

Answer 20

By identifying how an individual’s genetic makeup can affect their response to drugs, it can guide the choice of drugs and doses for each individual.