[52] Pharmacogenomics Flashcards
What is pharmacogenomics?
It’s the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.
How does pharmacogenomics contribute to personalized medicine?
It can guide the selection of drugs and dosages tailored to a person’s genetic makeup.
What could be a potential benefit of pharmacogenomics?
It can help to reduce adverse drug reactions.
What is an adverse drug reaction (ADR)?
A harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from the use of a drug.
How does pharmacogenomics aim to minimize ADRs?
By predicting potential ADRs based on a person’s genetic makeup, thus helping to choose the safest drug.
Define a pharmacogenomic biomarker.
It’s a genetic trait, with certain variations, that can affect drug response.
What is the role of a pharmacogenomic biomarker in drug therapy?
It can help predict the likelihood of therapeutic response or risk of adverse events.
What is meant by ‘drug metabolizing enzymes’ in the context of pharmacogenomics?
These are enzymes that process drugs in the body, and their genetic variations can affect a person’s response to certain drugs.
Give an example of a drug metabolizing enzyme.
Cytochrome P450
What is the function of the cytochrome P450 enzyme?
It metabolizes many drugs in the body.
How can genetic variation influence drug response?
Variations can affect the function of proteins involved in drug metabolism, influencing how a person responds to a drug.
What is the purpose of pharmacogenomic testing?
To identify genetic variants that might predict a patient’s response to a certain drug.
Define ‘drug efficacy’ in the context of pharmacogenomics.
The effectiveness of a drug in providing the intended therapeutic effect.
How does pharmacogenomics help in optimizing drug efficacy?
By determining the optimal drug and dosage for each individual based on their genetic makeup.
What does ADR stand for?
Adverse Drug Reaction
What is a haplotype in the context of pharmacogenomics?
A group of genes inherited together from a single parent that can determine drug response.
What is warfarin, and why is it often associated with pharmacogenomics?
It’s an anticoagulant drug, and its dosage is often personalized based on a person’s genetics to reduce the risk of adverse events.
What is the difference between pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics?
Pharmacogenomics is the broader application of genomic technologies to new drug discovery and further characterization of older drugs, while pharmacogenetics is the study of the role of inheritance in individual variation in drug response.
Why is pharmacogenomics considered an important field for the future of medicine?
It paves the way for personalized medicine, where treatment can be customized based on an individual’s genetic makeup.
