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[22] Advanced Molecular Biology > [32] MicroRNA (miRNA) and non-coding RNA > Flashcards

[32] MicroRNA (miRNA) and non-coding RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is MicroRNA (miRNA)?

A

A small non-coding RNA molecule that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

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2
Q

What is the role of miRNA?

A

Regulates gene expression post-transcriptionally.

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3
Q

How does miRNA regulate gene expression?

A

By binding to complementary sequences on target mRNA molecules, usually resulting in gene silencing.

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4
Q

What is non-coding RNA?

A

A form of RNA that does not encode for protein but has functions of its own.

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5
Q

How does non-coding RNA function?

A

It can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.

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6
Q

What are the different types of non-coding RNAs?

A
  • miRNA
  • rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
  • tRNA (Transfer RNA)
  • snRNA (Small nuclear RNA)
  • snoRNA (Small nucleolar RNA)
  • lncRNA (Long non-coding RNA)
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7
Q

rRNA - Initials

A

Ribosomal RNA

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8
Q

tRNA - Initials

A

Transfer RNA

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9
Q

snRNA - Initials

A

Small nuclear RNA

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10
Q

snoRNA - Initials

A

Small nucleolar RNA

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11
Q

lncRNA - Initials

A

Long non-coding RNA

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12
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

It combines with proteins to form ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis.

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13
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

It carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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14
Q

What is the role of snRNA?

A

It is involved in splicing of pre-mRNA.

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15
Q

What is the role of snoRNA?

A

It guides chemical modifications of rRNAs and tRNAs.

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16
Q

What is the role of lncRNA?

A

It regulates gene expression in various ways, including chromatin modification, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing.

17
Q

How is miRNA processed?

A

It is transcribed as a primary miRNA (pri-miRNA), then processed by the enzymes Drosha and Dicer to become mature miRNA.

18
Q

Drosha and Dicer - Initials

A

Enzymes involved in miRNA processing

19
Q

What is the significance of miRNA in disease?

A

Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disease.

20
Q

How can miRNA be used therapeutically?

A

It can be used to inhibit or enhance the function of specific miRNAs, affecting the expression of target genes.

[22] Advanced Molecular Biology (60 decks)

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