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Microbio > Zoonotic > Flashcards

Zoonotic Flashcards

1
Q

What is zoonoses?

A

Diseases of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man

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2
Q

What is an arboviral disease?

A

Disease where an insect vector is involved (arthropod-borne)

Can be zoonotic, but not always

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of west nile virus?

A

Fever/nonspecific to encephalitis

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4
Q

What is the life-cycle of west nile virus?

A

Birds to mosquitoes to humans as incidental host

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5
Q

What percent of reported/diagnosed west nile viruses cause a neuroinvasive disease?

A

~50%

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6
Q

What is the only way west nile can be transmitted to humans?

A

Through mosquitoes

not human-human, or horse-humans

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7
Q

When are west nile infections common?

A

Mid to late summer months

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8
Q

What are the reservoirs for west nile? Do they die?

A

Birds

Usually do not die

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9
Q

Can west nile be transmitted via breast milk?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Do we develop a high viremia levels to west nile?

A

No

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11
Q

Can transfusions transmit WNV?

A

Yes, if not screened for

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12
Q

What are the usual symptoms of WNV (west nile fever)?

A

Mild to asymptomatic

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13
Q

What are the severe symptoms of WNV?

A

Encephalitis/neuro symptoms

Limb paralysis

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14
Q

What is the greatest risk factor for developing the neuroinvasive form of WNV?

A

Age (older, more severe)

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15
Q

How do you diagnose WNV?

A

serology, CSF

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16
Q

What is the treatment for neuroinvasive CSF?

A

Supportive

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17
Q

When should you suspect WNV-causing encephalitis?

A

Unexplained encephalitis in old people in late summer or early fall

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18
Q

What is the St. Louis virus?

A

Arbovirus that causes encephalitis

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19
Q

How is St. Louis virus transmitted?

A

Mosquitoes from infected birds, just liek WNV

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20
Q

Where is St. Louis virus found usually? When?

A

Temperate areas in late summer/early fall

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of st louis infx?

A

Sudden, but mild fever, HA

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22
Q

What are the severe symptoms of st louis virus? Who usually gets this?

A

Encephalitis

Old people get this

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23
Q

What is the treatment for St. Louis encephalitis?

A

Supportive

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24
Q

How do you diagnose St. Louis encephalitis?

A

Serological testing

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25
Q

What is the Japanese encephalitis virus?

A

Just like WNV, but in Asia

26
Q

What are the togaviruses discussed in class? How are these transmitted?

A

EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis)
WEE
VEE (Venezuelan)
Mosquitoes

27
Q

What are the definitive hosts for EEE, WEE, and VEE? How are they transmitted to us?

A

Birds

Through mosquitoes

28
Q

What time of year are EEE, WEE, or VEE occur?

A

Later summer, early fall

29
Q

What are the symptoms of EEE/WEE/VEE?

A

Mild usually, but can be encephalitis

30
Q

What fraction of people with clinical encephalitis cause be EEE,WEE or VEE die?

31
Q

What population(s) are more susceptible to EEE/WEE/VEE -caused encephalitis?

A

Children for WEE

Old people for EEE/VEE

32
Q

What is the cause of LaCrosse (cali) encephalitis virus? What is the definitive host? How is it transmitted to us?

A

Arbovirus maintained in rodents

We get it through mosquito bites

33
Q

What population usually get infected with LaCrosse (cali) encephalitis?

34
Q

What are the symptoms of LaCrosse (cali) encephalitis?

A

just like WNV

35
Q

Can rabies be transmitted via aerosol or corneal exposure?

36
Q

Most rabies infections are transmitted to humans how?

A

Dogs or bats

37
Q

What is the treatment for a bite with a rabid animal?

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis via IVIG and vaccination

38
Q

What is the MOA of rabies?

A

Retrograde transport through neurons

39
Q

What are the initial symptoms of rabies?

A

Flu-like, then CNS stuff

40
Q

What are the severe symptoms of rabies?

A

CNS/peripheral nerves

41
Q

What is the classic sign of rabies?

A

Hydrophobia

42
Q

What is the treatment for rabies infections?

A

supportive

Immunoglobulin + vaccine x5

43
Q

How do you diagnose rabies?

A

serology

Negri bodies in dead animal neurons

44
Q

How do you prevent rabies?

A

vaccination of animals and persons

45
Q

Negri bodies in neurons are diagnostic for what disease?

A

Rabies (note these are only seen post mortem)

46
Q

What is lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)?

A

Rodent borne virus which causes aseptic meningitis/encephalitis

47
Q

Most infections of LCMV are spread how?

A

House mice

48
Q

What are the symptoms of LCMV?

A

Usually asymptomatic

49
Q

Transmission of LCMV occurs how?

A

Inhaling aerosolized particles of rodent urine/feces

50
Q

Is there person-person transmission of LCMV?

A

Not been reported

51
Q

What are the symptoms of LCMV?

A

biphasic-fever then encephalitis

52
Q

What are the rare but serious sequelae of LCMV?

A

Temporary or permanent neuro damage

Fetal abnormalities

53
Q

What are prions?

A

Protein misfolding causing encephalitis

54
Q

What is kuru (spongiform encephalopathy)?

A

Prion disease

55
Q

What is the protein that causes prion disease?

56
Q

Are prion diseases transmitted or arise spontaneously?

57
Q

What population(s) are usually affected most by prion diseases?

58
Q

How do you diagnose prion diseases?

A

Post mortem histological section

59
Q

What is the treatment for prions?

60
Q

Biphasic fever/malaise non-specific symptoms, then meningiti/encephalitis = ?

Microbio (50 decks)

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