Zoonotic Flashcards by tcarlso 3

What is zoonoses?

Diseases of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man

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What is an arboviral disease?

Disease where an insect vector is involved (arthropod-borne)

Can be zoonotic, but not always

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What are the symptoms of west nile virus?

Fever/nonspecific to encephalitis

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What is the life-cycle of west nile virus?

Birds to mosquitoes to humans as incidental host

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What percent of reported/diagnosed west nile viruses cause a neuroinvasive disease?

~50%

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What is the only way west nile can be transmitted to humans?

Through mosquitoes

not human-human, or horse-humans

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When are west nile infections common?

Mid to late summer months

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What are the reservoirs for west nile? Do they die?

Birds

Usually do not die

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Can west nile be transmitted via breast milk?

Yes

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Do we develop a high viremia levels to west nile?

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Can transfusions transmit WNV?

Yes, if not screened for

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What are the usual symptoms of WNV (west nile fever)?

Mild to asymptomatic

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What are the severe symptoms of WNV?

Encephalitis/neuro symptoms

Limb paralysis

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What is the greatest risk factor for developing the neuroinvasive form of WNV?

Age (older, more severe)

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How do you diagnose WNV?

serology, CSF

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What is the treatment for neuroinvasive CSF?

Supportive

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When should you suspect WNV-causing encephalitis?

Unexplained encephalitis in old people in late summer or early fall

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What is the St. Louis virus?

Arbovirus that causes encephalitis

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How is St. Louis virus transmitted?

Mosquitoes from infected birds, just liek WNV

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Where is St. Louis virus found usually? When?

Temperate areas in late summer/early fall

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What are the symptoms of st louis infx?

Sudden, but mild fever, HA

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What are the severe symptoms of st louis virus? Who usually gets this?

Encephalitis

Old people get this

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What is the treatment for St. Louis encephalitis?

Supportive

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How do you diagnose St. Louis encephalitis?

Serological testing

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What is the Japanese encephalitis virus?

Just like WNV, but in Asia

What are the togaviruses discussed in class? How are these transmitted?

EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis) WEE VEE (Venezuelan) Mosquitoes

What are the definitive hosts for EEE, WEE, and VEE? How are they transmitted to us?

Birds Through mosquitoes

What time of year are EEE, WEE, or VEE occur?

Later summer, early fall

What are the symptoms of EEE/WEE/VEE?

Mild usually, but can be encephalitis

What fraction of people with clinical encephalitis cause be EEE,WEE or VEE die?

1/3

What population(s) are more susceptible to EEE/WEE/VEE -caused encephalitis?

Children for WEE | Old people for EEE/VEE

What is the cause of LaCrosse (cali) encephalitis virus? What is the definitive host? How is it transmitted to us?

Arbovirus maintained in rodents We get it through mosquito bites

What population usually get infected with LaCrosse (cali) encephalitis?

Children

What are the symptoms of LaCrosse (cali) encephalitis?

just like WNV

Can rabies be transmitted via aerosol or corneal exposure?

Yes

Most rabies infections are transmitted to humans how?

Dogs or bats

What is the treatment for a bite with a rabid animal?

Post-exposure prophylaxis via IVIG and vaccination

What is the MOA of rabies?

Retrograde transport through neurons

What are the initial symptoms of rabies?

Flu-like, then CNS stuff

What are the severe symptoms of rabies?

CNS/peripheral nerves

What is the classic sign of rabies?

Hydrophobia

What is the treatment for rabies infections?

supportive Immunoglobulin + vaccine x5

How do you diagnose rabies?

serology | Negri bodies in dead animal neurons

How do you prevent rabies?

vaccination of animals and persons

Negri bodies in neurons are diagnostic for what disease?

Rabies (note these are only seen post mortem)

What is lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)?

Rodent borne virus which causes aseptic meningitis/encephalitis

Most infections of LCMV are spread how?

House mice

What are the symptoms of LCMV?

Usually asymptomatic

Transmission of LCMV occurs how?

Inhaling aerosolized particles of rodent urine/feces

Is there person-person transmission of LCMV?

Not been reported

What are the symptoms of LCMV?

biphasic-fever then encephalitis

What are the rare but serious sequelae of LCMV?

Temporary or permanent neuro damage Fetal abnormalities

What are prions?

Protein misfolding causing encephalitis

What is kuru (spongiform encephalopathy)?

Prion disease

What is the protein that causes prion disease?

PrP^Sc

Are prion diseases transmitted or arise spontaneously?

Both

What population(s) are usually affected most by prion diseases?

Old Euros

How do you diagnose prion diseases?

Post mortem histological section

What is the treatment for prions?

None

Biphasic fever/malaise non-specific symptoms, then meningiti/encephalitis = ?

LCMV