Skin and tissue parasites Flashcards
What is the life cycle of leishmania?
Sandflies from human to human
What are the three species of leishmania that cause cutanoeus leishmaniasis?
L. major
L. Tropic
L. mexicana
What are the symptoms of cutaneous lesihmaniasis?
Raised, dry, crusty lesions at site where parasites were inoculated. Lesions grows, then ulcerates. Self limiting
What are the symptoms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
Infection initially presents as a typical cutaneous lesions. But much later, lesions in the mucus layer develop
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by what?
Parasite metastasis and an aggresive immune response
What is the treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis? How do you diagnose it?
Chemo
Serum has parasites inside of macrophages
Are immunoglobulins useful for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis infections?
no
What is onchocerca volvulus?
Nematode that is transmitted by bite of a black fly, and causes river blindness
What is the life cycle of onchocerca volvulus?
Black fly injects adults, migrate under skin/through tissues to the eye.
What are the symptoms of onchocerca volvulus? (3)
Diffuse skin itching, sclerosis keratitis, blindness
Onchocerca volvulus cases occur where geographically?
Africa
What percent of individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus go blind?
5-10%
How severe is the itching with onchocerca volvulus migration through the skin?
Really, really bad–people commit suicide
How do you diagnose onchocerca volvulus?
Observe microfilaments from skin snips
What is the treatment for onchocerca volvulus?
Ivermectin
What is Mansonella? What are the three species that cause disease?
Similar to river blindness, but less severe
M. perstans
M. Streptocera
M. Ozzardi
What are the symptoms of Mansonella? Lab results?
Arthralgia, diffuse itching.
Eosinophilia
What is the life cycle for Mansonella?
Infected midge
Dracunculosis is caused by what?
Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worms)
What is Guinea worms?
Dracunculus medinensis Nematode in the foot skin, release nematodes into the water.
What is the life cycle of Guinea worms?
Blisters on the foot lead to release to reservoir in lakes. Drinking water infects it.
What is the prevention technique for Dracunculus medinensis?
Clean water
How do you diagnose Dracunculus medinensis?
Wash out microfilariae from ulcer
What is the treatment for Dracunculus medinensis?
Take a stick and wind worm out.
Cutaneous larval migrans is caused by what?
Hookworms that infect dogs and cats infecting humans. ancylostoma
What is the life cycle of Cutaneous larval migrans?
Larvae penetrate skin as accidental host, get lost. die and cause inflammation somewhere
Serpentine pattern across the foot = ?
Cutaneous larval migrans
What is the causative agent of scabies?
Sarcoptes scabiei
Sarcoptes scabiei is what?
Arthropods mites
How is scabies spread?
Human-human
What are the symptoms of scabies?
Itching (usually on hands), serpentine tracts into skin.
What is the life cycle of scabies?
mite infects skin, reproduce
Where are scabies infections usually found on the body?
Places where there are skin folds (hands)
What is Norwegian or crusted scabies?
Hyperinfection of scabies that spreads diffusely
How do you diagnose scabies?
Observe female mites at the end of their burrows by scraping affected skin
What is the treatment for scabies?
Topical treatment
Wash everything
What is pediculosis?
Lice
What are the three different lice that infect humans
- Body louse (humanus)
- Head louse (capitus)
- Crab louse (pubis)
What are the symptoms of lice?
Itching red papules
Head lice is transmitted how?
Physical contact of the head or fomites
Where do bites of head lice usually appear?
Behind the ears and back of neck
Body louse are usually found where?
Over the body and return to clothing
Crab lice are transmitted how?
Sex
True or false: head and crab lice are usually sedentary
True
What are the eggs that lice lay on hair shafts?
Nits
Where do body lice lay their eggs?
Clothing
How do you diagnose lice?
Look for lice or eggs
What is the treatment for lice?
OTC Shampoos
What is myiasis?
Human bot fly (maggots) infection
What is the life cycle of myiasis?
Bot Fly lays eggs on mosquito, this then falls off when mosquito bites you, and crawls into break in skin
What is the species of botfly that infects humans?
Dermatobia hominis
What are the symptoms of myiasis?
Odorous wound
Air holed abscesses
How do you treat the human botfly?
Surgical removal
What is the cause of Chagas disease? Symptoms?
Trypanozima cruzi
Skin infections
What is the causes of Trichinosis?
Trichinella spiralis
What is the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?
Pigs/animals are infected with the nematode, larvae mature in stomach, migrate out into muscle and encyst. we eat animal
What are the symptoms of Trichinella spiralis infx?
Myalgias
Eosinophilia
Periorbital edema
Where do Trichinella spiralis infections occur geographically?
Worldwide
Trichinella spiralis symptoms depends on what?
Worm burden, and where encysted
Trichinella spiralis encysts where?
WithIN muscle cells
What is the pathology of Trichinella spiralis caused by?
Inflammatory response to encysted stuff
How do you diagnose Trichinosis?
History, eosinophilia, muscle enzymes
What is loa loa?
Eye disease caused by loiasis
How is loiasis transmitted?
Via bite of mango flies
How do you diagnose loa loa? Treatment?
See worms in tissue
Eosinophilia
Treatment = diethylcarbamazine
Lung flukes species?
Paragonimus westermani
What is the life cycle of lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani)?
Cough up eggs and ingest them back. Pass through stool. Crayfish/snails.
Where, geographically, is Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke) found?
South america, asia
What are lung flukes associated with?
Eating crayfish
What are the symptoms of lung fluke infection, besides fever? (3)
Hemoptysis
Cavitations in lung
Rusty sputum
How do you diagnose Mansonella?
Skin snips and looking for microfilariae
What is the treatment for Mansonella?
Diethylcarbamazine
