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Skin and tissue parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life cycle of leishmania?

A

Sandflies from human to human

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2
Q

What are the three species of leishmania that cause cutanoeus leishmaniasis?

A

L. major
L. Tropic
L. mexicana

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of cutaneous lesihmaniasis?

A

Raised, dry, crusty lesions at site where parasites were inoculated. Lesions grows, then ulcerates. Self limiting

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Infection initially presents as a typical cutaneous lesions. But much later, lesions in the mucus layer develop

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5
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by what?

A

Parasite metastasis and an aggresive immune response

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6
Q

What is the treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis? How do you diagnose it?

A

Chemo

Serum has parasites inside of macrophages

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7
Q

Are immunoglobulins useful for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis infections?

A

no

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8
Q

What is onchocerca volvulus?

A

Nematode that is transmitted by bite of a black fly, and causes river blindness

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9
Q

What is the life cycle of onchocerca volvulus?

A

Black fly injects adults, migrate under skin/through tissues to the eye.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of onchocerca volvulus? (3)

A

Diffuse skin itching, sclerosis keratitis, blindness

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11
Q

Onchocerca volvulus cases occur where geographically?

A

Africa

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12
Q

What percent of individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus go blind?

A

5-10%

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13
Q

How severe is the itching with onchocerca volvulus migration through the skin?

A

Really, really bad–people commit suicide

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14
Q

How do you diagnose onchocerca volvulus?

A

Observe microfilaments from skin snips

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15
Q

What is the treatment for onchocerca volvulus?

A

Ivermectin

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16
Q

What is Mansonella? What are the three species that cause disease?

A

Similar to river blindness, but less severe

M. perstans
M. Streptocera
M. Ozzardi

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Mansonella? Lab results?

A

Arthralgia, diffuse itching.

Eosinophilia

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18
Q

What is the life cycle for Mansonella?

A

Infected midge

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19
Q

Dracunculosis is caused by what?

A

Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worms)

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20
Q

What is Guinea worms?

A

Dracunculus medinensis Nematode in the foot skin, release nematodes into the water.

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21
Q

What is the life cycle of Guinea worms?

A

Blisters on the foot lead to release to reservoir in lakes. Drinking water infects it.

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22
Q

What is the prevention technique for Dracunculus medinensis?

A

Clean water

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23
Q

How do you diagnose Dracunculus medinensis?

A

Wash out microfilariae from ulcer

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24
Q

What is the treatment for Dracunculus medinensis?

A

Take a stick and wind worm out.

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25
Cutaneous larval migrans is caused by what?
Hookworms that infect dogs and cats infecting humans. **ancylostoma**
26
What is the life cycle of Cutaneous larval migrans?
Larvae penetrate skin as accidental host, get lost. die and cause inflammation somewhere
27
Serpentine pattern across the foot = ?
Cutaneous larval migrans
28
What is the causative agent of scabies?
Sarcoptes scabiei
29
Sarcoptes scabiei is what?
Arthropods mites
30
How is scabies spread?
Human-human
31
What are the symptoms of scabies?
Itching (usually on hands), serpentine tracts into skin.
32
What is the life cycle of scabies?
mite infects skin, reproduce
33
Where are scabies infections usually found on the body?
Places where there are skin folds (hands)
34
What is Norwegian or crusted scabies?
Hyperinfection of scabies that spreads diffusely
35
How do you diagnose scabies?
Observe female mites at the end of their burrows by scraping affected skin
36
What is the treatment for scabies?
Topical treatment | Wash everything
37
What is pediculosis?
Lice
38
What are the three different lice that infect humans
1. Body louse (humanus) 2. Head louse (capitus) 3. Crab louse (pubis)
39
What are the symptoms of lice?
Itching red papules
40
Head lice is transmitted how?
Physical contact of the head or fomites
41
Where do bites of head lice usually appear?
Behind the ears and back of neck
42
Body louse are usually found where?
Over the body and return to clothing
43
Crab lice are transmitted how?
Sex
44
True or false: head and crab lice are usually sedentary
True
45
What are the eggs that lice lay on hair shafts?
Nits
46
Where do body lice lay their eggs?
Clothing
47
How do you diagnose lice?
Look for lice or eggs
48
What is the treatment for lice?
OTC Shampoos
49
What is myiasis?
Human bot fly (maggots) infection
50
What is the life cycle of myiasis?
Bot Fly lays eggs on mosquito, this then falls off when mosquito bites you, and crawls into break in skin
51
What is the species of botfly that infects humans?
Dermatobia hominis
52
What are the symptoms of myiasis?
Odorous wound | Air holed abscesses
53
How do you treat the human botfly?
Surgical removal
54
What is the cause of Chagas disease? Symptoms?
Trypanozima cruzi | Skin infections
55
What is the causes of Trichinosis?
Trichinella spiralis
56
What is the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?
Pigs/animals are infected with the nematode, larvae mature in stomach, migrate out into muscle and encyst. we eat animal
57
What are the symptoms of Trichinella spiralis infx?
Myalgias Eosinophilia Periorbital edema
58
Where do Trichinella spiralis infections occur geographically?
Worldwide
59
Trichinella spiralis symptoms depends on what?
Worm burden, and where encysted
60
Trichinella spiralis encysts where?
WithIN muscle cells
61
What is the pathology of Trichinella spiralis caused by?
Inflammatory response to encysted stuff
62
How do you diagnose Trichinosis?
History, eosinophilia, muscle enzymes
63
What is loa loa?
Eye disease caused by loiasis
64
How is loiasis transmitted?
Via bite of mango flies
65
How do you diagnose loa loa? Treatment?
See worms in tissue Eosinophilia Treatment = diethylcarbamazine
66
Lung flukes species?
Paragonimus westermani
67
What is the life cycle of lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani)?
Cough up eggs and ingest them back. Pass through stool. Crayfish/snails.
68
Where, geographically, is Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke) found?
South america, asia
69
What are lung flukes associated with?
Eating crayfish
70
What are the symptoms of lung fluke infection, besides fever? (3)
Hemoptysis Cavitations in lung Rusty sputum
71
How do you diagnose Mansonella?
Skin snips and looking for microfilariae
72
What is the treatment for Mansonella?
Diethylcarbamazine

Microbio (50 decks)

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