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Microbio > Skin and tissue parasites > Flashcards

Skin and tissue parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life cycle of leishmania?

A

Sandflies from human to human

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2
Q

What are the three species of leishmania that cause cutanoeus leishmaniasis?

A

L. major
L. Tropic
L. mexicana

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of cutaneous lesihmaniasis?

A

Raised, dry, crusty lesions at site where parasites were inoculated. Lesions grows, then ulcerates. Self limiting

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Infection initially presents as a typical cutaneous lesions. But much later, lesions in the mucus layer develop

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5
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by what?

A

Parasite metastasis and an aggresive immune response

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6
Q

What is the treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis? How do you diagnose it?

A

Chemo

Serum has parasites inside of macrophages

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7
Q

Are immunoglobulins useful for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis infections?

A

no

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8
Q

What is onchocerca volvulus?

A

Nematode that is transmitted by bite of a black fly, and causes river blindness

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9
Q

What is the life cycle of onchocerca volvulus?

A

Black fly injects adults, migrate under skin/through tissues to the eye.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of onchocerca volvulus? (3)

A

Diffuse skin itching, sclerosis keratitis, blindness

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11
Q

Onchocerca volvulus cases occur where geographically?

A

Africa

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12
Q

What percent of individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus go blind?

A

5-10%

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13
Q

How severe is the itching with onchocerca volvulus migration through the skin?

A

Really, really bad–people commit suicide

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14
Q

How do you diagnose onchocerca volvulus?

A

Observe microfilaments from skin snips

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15
Q

What is the treatment for onchocerca volvulus?

A

Ivermectin

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16
Q

What is Mansonella? What are the three species that cause disease?

A

Similar to river blindness, but less severe

M. perstans
M. Streptocera
M. Ozzardi

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Mansonella? Lab results?

A

Arthralgia, diffuse itching.

Eosinophilia

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18
Q

What is the life cycle for Mansonella?

A

Infected midge

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19
Q

Dracunculosis is caused by what?

A

Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worms)

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20
Q

What is Guinea worms?

A

Dracunculus medinensis Nematode in the foot skin, release nematodes into the water.

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21
Q

What is the life cycle of Guinea worms?

A

Blisters on the foot lead to release to reservoir in lakes. Drinking water infects it.

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22
Q

What is the prevention technique for Dracunculus medinensis?

A

Clean water

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23
Q

How do you diagnose Dracunculus medinensis?

A

Wash out microfilariae from ulcer

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24
Q

What is the treatment for Dracunculus medinensis?

A

Take a stick and wind worm out.

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25
Q

Cutaneous larval migrans is caused by what?

A

Hookworms that infect dogs and cats infecting humans. ancylostoma

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26
Q

What is the life cycle of Cutaneous larval migrans?

A

Larvae penetrate skin as accidental host, get lost. die and cause inflammation somewhere

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27
Q

Serpentine pattern across the foot = ?

A

Cutaneous larval migrans

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28
Q

What is the causative agent of scabies?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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29
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei is what?

A

Arthropods mites

30
Q

How is scabies spread?

A

Human-human

31
Q

What are the symptoms of scabies?

A

Itching (usually on hands), serpentine tracts into skin.

32
Q

What is the life cycle of scabies?

A

mite infects skin, reproduce

33
Q

Where are scabies infections usually found on the body?

A

Places where there are skin folds (hands)

34
Q

What is Norwegian or crusted scabies?

A

Hyperinfection of scabies that spreads diffusely

35
Q

How do you diagnose scabies?

A

Observe female mites at the end of their burrows by scraping affected skin

36
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Topical treatment

Wash everything

37
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Lice

38
Q

What are the three different lice that infect humans

A
  1. Body louse (humanus)
  2. Head louse (capitus)
  3. Crab louse (pubis)
39
Q

What are the symptoms of lice?

A

Itching red papules

40
Q

Head lice is transmitted how?

A

Physical contact of the head or fomites

41
Q

Where do bites of head lice usually appear?

A

Behind the ears and back of neck

42
Q

Body louse are usually found where?

A

Over the body and return to clothing

43
Q

Crab lice are transmitted how?

A

Sex

44
Q

True or false: head and crab lice are usually sedentary

A

True

45
Q

What are the eggs that lice lay on hair shafts?

A

Nits

46
Q

Where do body lice lay their eggs?

A

Clothing

47
Q

How do you diagnose lice?

A

Look for lice or eggs

48
Q

What is the treatment for lice?

A

OTC Shampoos

49
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Human bot fly (maggots) infection

50
Q

What is the life cycle of myiasis?

A

Bot Fly lays eggs on mosquito, this then falls off when mosquito bites you, and crawls into break in skin

51
Q

What is the species of botfly that infects humans?

A

Dermatobia hominis

52
Q

What are the symptoms of myiasis?

A

Odorous wound

Air holed abscesses

53
Q

How do you treat the human botfly?

A

Surgical removal

54
Q

What is the cause of Chagas disease? Symptoms?

A

Trypanozima cruzi

Skin infections

55
Q

What is the causes of Trichinosis?

A

Trichinella spiralis

56
Q

What is the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

A

Pigs/animals are infected with the nematode, larvae mature in stomach, migrate out into muscle and encyst. we eat animal

57
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichinella spiralis infx?

A

Myalgias
Eosinophilia
Periorbital edema

58
Q

Where do Trichinella spiralis infections occur geographically?

A

Worldwide

59
Q

Trichinella spiralis symptoms depends on what?

A

Worm burden, and where encysted

60
Q

Trichinella spiralis encysts where?

A

WithIN muscle cells

61
Q

What is the pathology of Trichinella spiralis caused by?

A

Inflammatory response to encysted stuff

62
Q

How do you diagnose Trichinosis?

A

History, eosinophilia, muscle enzymes

63
Q

What is loa loa?

A

Eye disease caused by loiasis

64
Q

How is loiasis transmitted?

A

Via bite of mango flies

65
Q

How do you diagnose loa loa? Treatment?

A

See worms in tissue
Eosinophilia

Treatment = diethylcarbamazine

66
Q

Lung flukes species?

A

Paragonimus westermani

67
Q

What is the life cycle of lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani)?

A

Cough up eggs and ingest them back. Pass through stool. Crayfish/snails.

68
Q

Where, geographically, is Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke) found?

A

South america, asia

69
Q

What are lung flukes associated with?

A

Eating crayfish

70
Q

What are the symptoms of lung fluke infection, besides fever? (3)

A

Hemoptysis
Cavitations in lung
Rusty sputum

71
Q

How do you diagnose Mansonella?

A

Skin snips and looking for microfilariae

72
Q

What is the treatment for Mansonella?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

Microbio (50 decks)

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