Micro Metabolism Flashcards
Bacteria have how much DNA, haploid or diploid?
Haploid
What occurs in the lag phase and exponential phase of bacterial cell division? Why is this important?
Bacteria are gathering nutrients and multiplying. this is when they are susceptible to abx
How is cell density determined on agar plates?
Counts on plates, or turbidity
What are the two major categories of bacteria that are distinguished by their need for metabolites?
Anaerobic and aerobic
What does it mean for a bacteria to be a facultative anaerobe?
Will usually use oxygen, but is able to survive without it
What is the process that aerobic bacteria use to metabolize energy? What about anaerobic?
Aerobic = respiration
Anaerobic = fermentation
What does it mean for a microbe to be microaerophilic?
Grows best at low oxygen, but can grow without it as well
What are the enzymes that allow microbes to utilize oxygen without being damaged by oxygen radicals?
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase
What is the reaction that catalase catalyze?
hydrogen peroxide to water
What is the reaction that super oxide dismutase catalyzes?
superoxide to hydrogen peroxide
What is anerobic respiration?
Using a chemical other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the ETC
How can bacteria be identified by fermentation?
The type of product produced
What is folate, and why is it an important target for abx?
Nutrient created by bacteria involved in nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria–eukaryotes take this up in their diet, thus this is a target for abx
What is the bacterial enzyme that serves to unwind DNA, and is a target for abx? Which abx is it that targets this?
Gyrase, which is targeted by quinolones
Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in bacteria because there is no nuclear membrane to separate the processes. The bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is inhibited by [BLANK] (an antibiotic often used in the treatment of tuberculosis).
Rifampin
Why is the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall a good target for abx? (2)
Is it both unique and essential
What are the five areas of bacterial cells that serve as targets for abx?
- Cell wall synthesis
- DNA replication
- RNA synthesis
- Protein synthesis
- Antimetabolites
What causes the decline phase of bacterial growth?
build up of waste products of lack of nutrients. Cells stop growing, but are not yet dying
What happens in the decline phase of bacterial cells growth?
Cells die d/t metabolites
What is the target to inhibit protein synthesis replication in bacteria?
the 70s ribosome
What is different about transcription/translation in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes?
Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes
How many times more efficient is respiration over fermentation?
19x
What is the precursor subunit of peptidylglycan?
UDP-N acetyl muramic acid (UDP-NAM)
Where is UDP-NAM synthesized in the cell?
cytoplasm
