More viral stuffs Flashcards by tcarlso 3

What are the symptoms of myocarditis?

SOB
Fatigue
CP, palps

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What are the two major viruses that are associated with myocarditis?

HHV-6 and B19 Parvovirus

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When should you suspect viral endocarditis? How do you diagnose viral myocarditis?

CHF with unknown origin

Endocardial biopsy/NAT

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What is the treatment for viral myocarditis?

Supportive

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What is the prognosis of viral myocarditis?

50% full recovery

25% changes in heart functions, but asymptomatic

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What are the symptoms of mumps? Prodrome?

Swollen, TTP parotid glands

Prodrome malaise/anorexia

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What is the family of Mumps? Genome?

Paramyxoviridea

ssRNA

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How many serotypes of mumps are there?

One

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What are the complications of Mumps? (4)

Meningitis
Orchitis
Deafness
Myocarditis

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What is the usual age of onset of mumps (pre vaccine era)?

5-14 yo

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What is the life cycle of mumps?

Silent entry via respiratory tract
Spread to lymph nodes/salivary glands
Intermittent silent viremia/spreading

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How do you diagnose mumps?

Parotid gland swelling >2 days

Assays to detect viral genomes

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What is the treatment for mumps?

supportive

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How is mumps spread?

Direct contact with saliva or fomites

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What is the prevention technique for mumps?

MMR Vaccine

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How is the mumps vaccine given?

IM in MMR

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When is the MMR vaccine given?

12-15 months

then again 4-6 yo

(1 yo and kindergarten)

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What is the dosage for the mumps vaccine for adults?

1 dose or

2 for high risk

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What is the effectiveness of the mump vaccines (varies per dose)?

1 dose = 78%

2 dose = 88%

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What are the symptoms of Kaposi’s sarcoma? Pain?

Painless, pink, purple or brown cutaneous lesions

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What causes the cutaneous lesions associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma?

Increased proliferation of endothelial cells

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What is the histological characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

Spindle morphology of cells

Kaposi’s sarcoma is associated with what?

Immunosuppression/HIV

Spindle cells morphology = what?

Kaposi’s sarcoma

What are the four forms of Kaposi's sarcoma?

Classic Endemic Immunosuppressed/transplant related HIV

Classic Kaposi's sarcoma is (Mild/fatal).

Mild

What are the two forms of endemic Kaposi's sarcoma?

1. Mild, like classic | 2. Fatal, in children

What is transplant-related Kaposi's sarcoma? How is it treated?

Immunosuppressed Kaposi's sarcoma. Bring them back to immunocompetent

What is AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma?

More widespread/severe Lymph node swelling Weight loss

When is AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma particularly fatal?

Lung involvement

What is the virus that causes Kaposi's Sarcoma? What is the family? Enveloped? Genome?

HHV-8 Herpesviridae Enveloped dsDNA

Is HHV8 able to undergo a latent state?

yes

What are the homologus of cellular genes produces by HHV8?

Genes that promote cell cycle

How is HHV8 transmitted?

Sexual route | Needle sharing

What is the treament for HHV8?

Control immunodficiency

Can herpes antivirals be used against HHV8?

**NO**, because in the latent state

What is the treatment for Kaposi's sarcoma itself?

Chemo/radiation

What is adult T-cell lymphoma caused by?

HTLV-1 (Human T-cell Leukemia virus 1)

What are the symptoms of T-cell lymphoma? (3)

Papules/tumors Hepatosplenomegaly Hypercalcemia

Flower cells are indicative of what? What are they?

T-cell lymphoma Multilobated nuclei in T cells

Where in the world is T-cell lymphoma found?

South Japan, central africa

What is the median survival time for T-cell lymphoma ?

7 months

How do you diagnose T-cell lymphoma?

Identify HTLV-1 antibodies

What is HAM? (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy) What is it caused by?

Demyelination of neurons within the spinal cord Likely autoimmune

What are the symptoms of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy? (3)

Stiff gait Lower extremity weakness Incontinence

What is the HTLV-I virus family? Genome? Enveloped?

Retroviridae Enveloped +ssRNA

What is the life cycle for HTLV-1?

1. GLUT-1 receptor mediated endocytosis | 2. Otherwise same as HIV

What is the time between infection and ATL development?

30 years

How is HTLV-1 transmitted?

Nursing Blood transfusion Sex

What is cell associated viruses? What virus discussed uses this?

Virus transmission needs to occur with cell (cell has to be brought along with the virus to infect) HTLV-1 uses this

How do you prevent HTLV-1?

Reduce unprotected sex | Discourage nursing in affected areas

What is the treatment for HTLV-1? How effective is this?

Chemo--not very effective

Is the blood supply tested for HTLV-1 in the US?

Yes

What is the key enzyme needed to HTLV-1 replication?

Reverse transcriptase (it's a retroviridae family member)