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Microbio > More viral stuffs > Flashcards

More viral stuffs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of myocarditis?

A

SOB
Fatigue
CP, palps

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2
Q

What are the two major viruses that are associated with myocarditis?

A

HHV-6 and B19 Parvovirus

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3
Q

When should you suspect viral endocarditis? How do you diagnose viral myocarditis?

A

CHF with unknown origin

Endocardial biopsy/NAT

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4
Q

What is the treatment for viral myocarditis?

A

Supportive

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5
Q

What is the prognosis of viral myocarditis?

A

50% full recovery

25% changes in heart functions, but asymptomatic

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps? Prodrome?

A

Swollen, TTP parotid glands

Prodrome malaise/anorexia

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7
Q

What is the family of Mumps? Genome?

A

Paramyxoviridea

ssRNA

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8
Q

How many serotypes of mumps are there?

A

One

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9
Q

What are the complications of Mumps? (4)

A

Meningitis
Orchitis
Deafness
Myocarditis

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10
Q

What is the usual age of onset of mumps (pre vaccine era)?

A

5-14 yo

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11
Q

What is the life cycle of mumps?

A
  1. Silent entry via respiratory tract
  2. Spread to lymph nodes/salivary glands
  3. Intermittent silent viremia/spreading
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12
Q

How do you diagnose mumps?

A

Parotid gland swelling >2 days

Assays to detect viral genomes

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13
Q

What is the treatment for mumps?

A

supportive

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14
Q

How is mumps spread?

A

Direct contact with saliva or fomites

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15
Q

What is the prevention technique for mumps?

A

MMR Vaccine

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16
Q

How is the mumps vaccine given?

A

IM in MMR

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17
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given?

A

12-15 months

then again 4-6 yo

(1 yo and kindergarten)

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18
Q

What is the dosage for the mumps vaccine for adults?

A

1 dose or

2 for high risk

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19
Q

What is the effectiveness of the mump vaccines (varies per dose)?

A

1 dose = 78%

2 dose = 88%

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Kaposi’s sarcoma? Pain?

A

Painless, pink, purple or brown cutaneous lesions

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21
Q

What causes the cutaneous lesions associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Increased proliferation of endothelial cells

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22
Q

What is the histological characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Spindle morphology of cells

23
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma is associated with what?

A

Immunosuppression/HIV

24
Q

Spindle cells morphology = what?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

25
Q

What are the four forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Classic
Endemic
Immunosuppressed/transplant related
HIV

26
Q

Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma is (Mild/fatal).

A

Mild

27
Q

What are the two forms of endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A
  1. Mild, like classic

2. Fatal, in children

28
Q

What is transplant-related Kaposi’s sarcoma? How is it treated?

A

Immunosuppressed Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Bring them back to immunocompetent

29
Q

What is AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

More widespread/severe
Lymph node swelling
Weight loss

30
Q

When is AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma particularly fatal?

A

Lung involvement

31
Q

What is the virus that causes Kaposi’s Sarcoma? What is the family? Enveloped? Genome?

A

HHV-8
Herpesviridae
Enveloped
dsDNA

32
Q

Is HHV8 able to undergo a latent state?

A

yes

33
Q

What are the homologus of cellular genes produces by HHV8?

A

Genes that promote cell cycle

34
Q

How is HHV8 transmitted?

A

Sexual route

Needle sharing

35
Q

What is the treament for HHV8?

A

Control immunodficiency

36
Q

Can herpes antivirals be used against HHV8?

A

NO, because in the latent state

37
Q

What is the treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma itself?

A

Chemo/radiation

38
Q

What is adult T-cell lymphoma caused by?

A

HTLV-1 (Human T-cell Leukemia virus 1)

39
Q

What are the symptoms of T-cell lymphoma? (3)

A

Papules/tumors
Hepatosplenomegaly
Hypercalcemia

40
Q

Flower cells are indicative of what? What are they?

A

T-cell lymphoma

Multilobated nuclei in T cells

41
Q

Where in the world is T-cell lymphoma found?

A

South Japan, central africa

42
Q

What is the median survival time for T-cell lymphoma ?

A

7 months

43
Q

How do you diagnose T-cell lymphoma?

A

Identify HTLV-1 antibodies

44
Q

What is HAM? (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy) What is it caused by?

A

Demyelination of neurons within the spinal cord

Likely autoimmune

45
Q

What are the symptoms of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy? (3)

A

Stiff gait
Lower extremity weakness
Incontinence

46
Q

What is the HTLV-I virus family? Genome? Enveloped?

A

Retroviridae
Enveloped
+ssRNA

47
Q

What is the life cycle for HTLV-1?

A
  1. GLUT-1 receptor mediated endocytosis

2. Otherwise same as HIV

48
Q

What is the time between infection and ATL development?

A

30 years

49
Q

How is HTLV-1 transmitted?

A

Nursing
Blood transfusion
Sex

50
Q

What is cell associated viruses? What virus discussed uses this?

A

Virus transmission needs to occur with cell (cell has to be brought along with the virus to infect)

HTLV-1 uses this

51
Q

How do you prevent HTLV-1?

A

Reduce unprotected sex

Discourage nursing in affected areas

52
Q

What is the treatment for HTLV-1? How effective is this?

A

Chemo–not very effective

53
Q

Is the blood supply tested for HTLV-1 in the US?

A

Yes

54
Q

What is the key enzyme needed to HTLV-1 replication?

A

Reverse transcriptase (it’s a retroviridae family member)

Microbio (50 decks)

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