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Bacterial Infections of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mild skin infections?

A

Pyodermal

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2
Q

What is the scary/severe skin infections?

A

Necrotizing fascitis

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3
Q

What are the four minimum diagnostic criteria of bacterial skin infections?

A

Erythema
Edema
Warmth
and TTP

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4
Q

What are the bacteria that are associated with DM?

A

S. Aureus

GBS

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5
Q

What are the bacteria associated with neutropenia?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

What are the bacteria that are associated with hot tubs?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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7
Q

What are the bacteria associated with IV drug abuse?

A

MRSA

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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8
Q

What is necessary for skin infections to develop?

A

Breaking of the stratum corenum

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9
Q

What are the skin infections associated with pores?

A

Folliculitis, foruncles

acarbuncles

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10
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

Superficial infection of the skin, characterized by well defined, raised borders

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11
Q

Deep involvement of the subcutaneous skin is called what?

A

Cellulitis, fasciitis, myositis

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12
Q

Where is impetigo localized to? In whom?

A

Around the mouth (honey crusted lesions)

Usually kiddos

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13
Q

Honey Crusted skin infection = ?

A

Impetigo

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14
Q

What is the most common bacterial skin infection in children?

A

Impetigo

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15
Q

What is bullous impetigo?

A

blisters caused by exfoliative toxin of S. Aureus

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16
Q

What is ecthyma?

A

Deeper form of impetigo resulting in scarring and ulceration

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17
Q

Punched out, ulcerative lesions = ?

A

Ecthyma

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18
Q

What is the treatment of ecthyma and impetigo?

A

Gentle debridement and topical abx

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19
Q

What are boils?

A

Furuncles (infection of the hair follicle)

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20
Q

What are Carbuncles? Associated symptoms?

A

Coalescence of boils (usually caused by S. Aureus lesions on the back of the neck)

Chills and fevers

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21
Q

What is folliculitis? What usually causes this?

A

Infection of the hair follicles

Pseudomonas

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22
Q

What is erysipelas? What organism usually causes this?

A

Superficial skin infection characterized by sharp borders between infected and unaffected skin

Caused by S. pyogenes

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23
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Deep skin infection without clear borders

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24
Q

What usually causes cellulitis? Associated symptoms?

A

Staph aureus, GAS,

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25
Q

Dog or cat bite cellultiis = ?

A

Pasteruella multocida

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26
Q

Sea water cellultiis = ?

A

Vibrio vulnificus

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27
Q

What are paronychia?

A

Localized infection /abscess of the nailfold

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28
Q

What are is the cause of acute paronychia? Chronic?

A 
Acute = S. Aureus
Chronic = Candida albicans
29
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis? What is the usual bacterial cause?

A

Acute infection of the subcutaneous tissue, including muscle and fat, usually the result of untreated cellulitis.

usually caused by Strep. pyogenes

30
Q

What is the treatment for necrotizing fascisitis?

A

Surgical debridement

31
Q

What are the three major organisms of skin infections?

A

Staph Aureus
Strep pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

32
Q

Gram stain and morph or Pseudomonas?

A

Gram negative rod

33
Q

Where is staph usually found?

A

SKin and mucous membranes of us

34
Q

What are the two CoNS?

A

S. epidemidis

S. Saprphyticus

35
Q

What is the predominant way of spreading staph?

A

Nasal shedding

36
Q

What is the color of staph on agar plates?

A

Gold (Aureus = gold)

37
Q

Hemolysis result of staph aureus?

38
Q

What is the function of the capsule of staph Aureus?

A

Biofilm

antiphagocytic

39
Q

What is the function of peptidoglycan of staph Aureus?

40
Q

What is the function of teichoic acid of staph Aureus?

41
Q

What is the function of protein A of staph Aureus?

A

Inhibits antibody mediated clearance by binding to IgG Fc domain

42
Q

What are the cytotoxins produced by staph Aureus? What does each do? (4)

A

Alpha (pore forming)
Exfoliative toxin (mediates SSSS)
Enterotoxins (enterotoxin A)
TSST-1 superantigen

43
Q

What does the exofoliative toxin produced by staph Aureus do? What is the syndrome that these cause?

A

Serine proteases that breaks up desmosomes

Staph scalded skin sydrome

44
Q

What is the function of coagulase that staph Aureus carries?

A

Breaks up clots

45
Q

What is the function of hyaluronidase that staph Aureus carries?

A

Hydolyses hyluronic acid

46
Q

What is the function of fibrinolysin that staph Aureus carries?

A

Dissolves fibrin clots

47
Q

What is the function of lipase that staph Aureus carries?

A

Hydrolyzes lipids

48
Q

What is the function of nucleases that staph Aureus carries?

A

Hydrolyzes DNA

49
Q

What are the three toxin mediated staph aureus diseases?

A
  1. Scalded skin syndrome
  2. food poisoning
  3. Toxic shock
50
Q

Who usually gets scalded skin syndrome for staph?

A

Babies with staph in their nose

51
Q

What are the symptoms of staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

Sunburn like shedding in neonates that slough off with minimal pressure

52
Q

Why can’t staph be cultured from the skin or blood of neonates affected with scalded skin syndrome? What about leukocytes?

A

Exotoxin

Thus leukocytes are also not elevated

53
Q

How lethal is scalded skin syndrome?

A

Self limiting if immunocompetent

Can be fatal if immunocompromised

54
Q

What is the MOA of staph aureus exfoliative toxin?

A

Serine proteases that split desmoglein 1

55
Q

What is Nikolsky’s sign? What does it indicate?

A

Erythematous, fluid-filled bullae that desquamouses with light touch

= SSSS

56
Q

What is the treatment for SSSS?

A

supportive + oxacillin/vanco

57
Q

How do you diagnose SSSS?

A

Presentation and skin biopsy with cleavage in the upper epidermis

58
Q

What is the pathology of the boils (furuncles) from staph aureus infection?

A

infects hair follicle, forms abscess

59
Q

What is the treatment for Suppurative staph infections? (2)

A

Lance abscess

Abx if wound does not clear or if systemic symptoms

60
Q

What gives MRSA its resistance to cephalosporins? (2)

A

Beta lactamase and MecA gene encoding for PBPs

61
Q

What is the general treatment for staph infections that are not MRSA? (2)

A

Nafcillin/oxacillin

62
Q

What is the treatment with MRSA?

63
Q

How do you diagnose Staph Aureus infections?

A

Gram stain

Culture w/ usual stuff

64
Q

What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis? (4)

A

Bone pain
Fever
swelling
Malaise

65
Q

True or false: Osteomyelitis is almost always caused by a bacterial infection?

66
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis? Second and third?

A
  1. Staph Aureus
  2. Strep
  3. Pseudomonas
67
Q

What are the symptoms of septic arthritis?

A

Painful, erythematous joints with purulent material observed on aspiration

68
Q

What is the primary cause of septic arthritis of children? Sexually active adults?

A

Staph aureus

Sexy= Neisseria gonorrhoeae

69
Q

Is there a fever associated with SSSS?

A

Nope–exotoxin

Microbio (50 decks)

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