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Cutaneous Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the two places that superficial mycoses take place on the body?

A

Stratum corneum of skin

Cuticle of hair

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2
Q

Where are the places the epidermophyton (dermatophyte) likes to infect?

A

Lower limbs and torso

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3
Q

Is there an inflammatory reactions with superficial mycoses? What is the primary concern with superficial mycoses?

A

No—Cosmetic concern

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4
Q

Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor) is caused by what?

A

Malassezia furfur (pityrosporum orbiculare)

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5
Q

Is Malassezia furfur dimorphic? Normal flora?

A

yes

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6
Q

Malassezia furfur is usually found where on the body?

A

Its lipophilic, so sebaceous glands

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7
Q

What are the causative factors of pityriasis versicolor?

A

More sebaceous secretions

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Malassezia furfur infection?

A

Scaly patches yellow-brown to dark brown in color

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9
Q

How do you diagnose Malassezie furfur infx?

A

Direct observation of skin scrapings with KOH prep

“spaghetti and meatballs”

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10
Q

Spaghetti and meatball morphology = ?

A

Malassezie furfur (Pityriasis versicolor)

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Pityriasis versicolor?

A

Topical treatment of keratolytic agents

Topical azoles

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12
Q

Tinea nigra is caused by what?

A

Exophiala Werneckii infection

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13
Q

Is Exophiala Werneckii dimorphic? What form is in the body?

A

dimorphic, with yeast like form in the body

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14
Q

Where, geographically, are Exophiala Werneckii infections found?

A

warm coastal regions

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15
Q

How is tinea nigra transmitted?

A

Constant contact with the organism (wood, compost)

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of tinea nigra? How does this occur?

A

Light brown-black, oval shaped lesions over the hands and feet

Produces melanin

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17
Q

How do you diagnose Tinea nigra?

A

KOH treated scrapings and seeing thick walled septate hyphae containing dark pigment

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18
Q

What is the treatment for tinea nigra?

A

topical stuffs

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19
Q

What are the species that cause black and white piedra?

A 
Black = piedra hortae
White = Trichosporin beiglii
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20
Q

Where, geographicaly are white ad black pidera found?

A 
Black = tropics
White = Temperate and semi tropical
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21
Q

How are black/white piedra transmitted?

A

soil and compost or animals

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22
Q

What is the clinical syndrome of black piedra?

A

Hard, gritty nodules on hair/scalp firmly attached to hair. Cause a metallic sound when combing hair

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23
Q

What is the clinical syndrome of white piedra?

A

Fluffy/soft/white nodules on pubic/facial/axillary hair

loosely attached to hair

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24
Q

How do you diagnose black/white pedira?

A

Microscopic examination of hair

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25
Q

What is the treatment for piedra?

A

Shaving hair off, hygeine

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26
Q

Cutaneous mycoses are caused by a group of fungi collectively known as what? What do they utilize for nutrition?

A

Dermatophytes–utilize keratin as a nutrient source

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27
Q

What are the three genera of dermatophytes? What do they all have in common?

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

All are capable of degrading and utilizing keratin

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28
Q

How are dermatophytes transmitted?

A

Geophilic (soil)
Zoophilic (animals)
Anthropophilic (people)

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29
Q

What are the predisposing factors for dermatophytes?

A

Closed toed shoes, community showers

30
Q

What is the clinical syndrome of dermatophytes?

A

Circular lesions–“ringworm”.

Itching

31
Q

Clinical manifestations of dermatophyte infection are referred to as what? Are these indicative of the species?

A

Tinea (blank)

No correlation between species names

32
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

Athletes foot

33
Q

What is the presentation of tinea pedis?

A

Lesions of the foot

Scaliness of foot

34
Q

What is tinea corporis?

35
Q

How does tinea corporis present?

A

Red, round, scaly patch with a raised border, usually on the trunk

Pustules

36
Q

What is tinea capitus? Symptoms?

A

Scalp infections
Scaly lesions
Patches of hair loss

37
Q

What is FAVUS?

A

Mass of hyphal elements surround the base of a hair shaft in tinea capitis

38
Q

What is tinea cruris? Symptoms?

A

Jock itch

Erythematous area around the groin

39
Q

What is tinea unguium-(onychomycosis)? Symptoms?

A

Nail infections

Dry/cracked toenails
Hyperkeratosis and discoloration

40
Q

How do you diagnose tinea infections? (2)

A

KOH prep and see hyphae (to confirm fungi)

Woods lamp (green fluorescence)

41
Q

What is the Woods lamp helpful for?

A

Determining lesions on the scalp are fungi via fluorescence

42
Q

How do you treat dermatophyte infections?

A

Application of topical azoles

43
Q

What is the drug used for tinea capitis?

A

Griseofulvin

44
Q

How do you treat tinea unguium?

A

oral antifungals for a long time

45
Q

Candida infectious form = what form? Environmental?

A

Yeast in environment

Hyphal forms in tissue

46
Q

Candida albicans is normal flora. What predisposes it to infection (beside immunosuppression)?

A

Open-ish, wet areas.

47
Q

What are the cutaneous infections associated with candida?

A

Diaper rash

Dishwasher hands

48
Q

What are the symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis?

A

Papules or confluent plaques that are red and TTP

49
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is associated with what? (2)

A

T cell deficits

Endocrine disorders

50
Q

Where on the body are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis found?

A

Mouth
Face
Fingernails

51
Q

What is the usual immune response to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

52
Q

What are the three major predisposing factors to disseminated candidiasis?

A
  1. Increase in colonization
  2. Breakdown of normal physical barriers
  3. Immunosuppression
53
Q

Treatment for systemic candidiasis?

54
Q

What are subcutaneous mycoses? How are subcutaneous mycoses transmitted?

A

Fungal infections of the dermis

Acquired through trauma of the skin

55
Q

What is sporotrichosis? Cause?

A

Infections of cutaneous, sub and lymph by Sporothrix schenckii

56
Q

Sporothrix schenckii is dimorphic? What is the form it takes in tissue?

A

Yes–yeast in tissue

57
Q

How is Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis) transmitted?

A

traumatic inoculation of plant surfaces (thorns, splinters etc)

58
Q

What are the symptoms of Sporothrix schenckii infx (sporotrichosis)?

A

Inflammation at site of inoculation followed by painless granulomas up the lymph tract

59
Q

How do you diagnose sporotrichosis? What is specific about how it grows?

A

Cultivation in tissue or pus

Mold converts to yeast at 37 C

60
Q

What is the treatment for sporotrichosis?

A

Oral KI/azoles

61
Q

What is the causative agent of chromoblastomycosis?

A

Chromomycosis

62
Q

Where, geographically, is Chromomycosis found?

63
Q

What are the symptoms of Chromomycosis?

A

Painless, darkly pigmented cauliflower lesions

64
Q

How do you diagnose Chromomycosis?

A

Brown pigment hyphae in skin scrapings

Medlar bodies

65
Q

Medlar bodies (copper colored pennies) = ?

A

Chromomycosis

66
Q

What is the treatment for Chromomycosis?

A

Surgical removal of lesions

5-fluorocytosine

67
Q

What is mycetoma?

A

Madura foot

Chronic subcutaneous infections of the foot

68
Q

What are the three common species that cause Mycetoma?

A

Madurella mycetomatis
M. grisea
Pseudallescheria boydii

69
Q

What are the symptoms of mycetoma?

A

Slow growing papule
Ulcerating lesions with pus

Bone involvement

70
Q

How do you diagnose Mycetoma?

A

Grain in pus, tissues, or discharge

Culture

71
Q

How do you treat Mycetoma?

A

Amputation

72
Q

Colored grains in pus = ?

Microbio (50 decks)

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