Zoonosis II Flashcards
What is the gram stain and morphology of Borrelia? Aerobic?
Neither gram positive or negative
Spirochete
Microaerophilic
What are the diseases that Borrelia causes?
Lyme disease
Relapsing fever
What are the two forms of relapsing fever? Species that cause this?
Endemic (borrelia hermsii)
Epidemic (Borrelia recurrentis)
What is the species of Borrelia that causes lymes disease?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
What is the leading vector borne disease in the US?
Lymes disease
What are the major reservoirs of lymes disease?
Mice and deer
What are the major vectors of Lyme’s disease?
Ixodes ticks (hard tick)
When are Lymes disease seen?
Summer
What is the first stage of lyme’s?
Localized infection with bullseye (erythema migrans)
Malaise, fever, HA, myalgia, lymphadenopathy
What are the symptoms of stage 2 Lyme disease?
Bacteria migrate to to cause arthralgia, myalgias
Neuro symptoms
What are the symptoms of stage 3 of Lyme?
Joints affected
Neuro complaints
Ashy skin discoloration on the hands
How do you diagnose Lyme?
Clinically
serology
What is the treatment for Lyme?
Doxy/amox
How do you prevent Lyme disease?
Edu and DEET
What are the symptoms of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia?
Febrile and afebrile cycles lasting 3-7 days, then returns
Hepatosplenomegaly
What is the pathogenesis of Relapsing fever? How does it evade the immune system?
Bite of a tick
Dissemination
Antigenic variation
What is the vector for endemic Borrelia? Reservoir?
Ticks
Reservoir = mice
What is the vector for epidemic Borrelia infection? Is this a zoonotic disease?
Louse borne
This is not zoonotic
What is the mortality rate of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia?
5-40%
What causes the relapsing pattern of Borrelia?
Antigenic changes between bactermia
How do you diagnose Borrelia?
Giemsa stain
Serological
What is the treatment for Borrelia?
Tetracycline or erythromycin
What is the gram stain and morpholgy of Rickettsia?
Very small gram negative coccobaclli
What is the pathogenesis of Rickettsia?
infect vascular endothelial cells and replicate. Leave when they want
What is the major disease that Rickettsia causes?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
What are the symptoms of Rickettsia? (3)
Fever
Petechial rash on the extremities
Vascular lesions is systemic disease
What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii?
Dog tick or rocky mountain wood tick
What are the iinital symptoms of RMSF?
(Centripetal) Petechial rash over the extremities, then inwards. Nonpruritic
Where, geographically, are most RMSF cases found?
East coast
What are the late symptoms of untreated RMSF?
Thrombocytopenia, organ failure, shock
How do you diagnose RMSF?
Serology (poor b/c takes a long time to see abs)
Molecular techniques