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Zoonosis II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Borrelia? Aerobic?

A

Neither gram positive or negative

Spirochete

Microaerophilic

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2
Q

What are the diseases that Borrelia causes?

A

Lyme disease

Relapsing fever

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3
Q

What are the two forms of relapsing fever? Species that cause this?

A

Endemic (borrelia hermsii)

Epidemic (Borrelia recurrentis)

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4
Q

What is the species of Borrelia that causes lymes disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

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5
Q

What is the leading vector borne disease in the US?

A

Lymes disease

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6
Q

What are the major reservoirs of lymes disease?

A

Mice and deer

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7
Q

What are the major vectors of Lyme’s disease?

A

Ixodes ticks (hard tick)

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8
Q

When are Lymes disease seen?

A

Summer

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9
Q

What is the first stage of lyme’s?

A

Localized infection with bullseye (erythema migrans)

Malaise, fever, HA, myalgia, lymphadenopathy

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of stage 2 Lyme disease?

A

Bacteria migrate to to cause arthralgia, myalgias

Neuro symptoms

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of stage 3 of Lyme?

A

Joints affected
Neuro complaints
Ashy skin discoloration on the hands

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12
Q

How do you diagnose Lyme?

A

Clinically

serology

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13
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme?

A

Doxy/amox

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14
Q

How do you prevent Lyme disease?

A

Edu and DEET

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia?

A

Febrile and afebrile cycles lasting 3-7 days, then returns

Hepatosplenomegaly

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16
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Relapsing fever? How does it evade the immune system?

A

Bite of a tick
Dissemination
Antigenic variation

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17
Q

What is the vector for endemic Borrelia? Reservoir?

A

Ticks

Reservoir = mice

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18
Q

What is the vector for epidemic Borrelia infection? Is this a zoonotic disease?

A

Louse borne

This is not zoonotic

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19
Q

What is the mortality rate of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia?

A

5-40%

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20
Q

What causes the relapsing pattern of Borrelia?

A

Antigenic changes between bactermia

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21
Q

How do you diagnose Borrelia?

A

Giemsa stain

Serological

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Borrelia?

A

Tetracycline or erythromycin

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23
Q

What is the gram stain and morpholgy of Rickettsia?

A

Very small gram negative coccobaclli

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24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Rickettsia?

A

infect vascular endothelial cells and replicate. Leave when they want

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25
Q

What is the major disease that Rickettsia causes?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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26
Q

What are the symptoms of Rickettsia? (3)

A

Fever

Petechial rash on the extremities

Vascular lesions is systemic disease

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27
Q

What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Dog tick or rocky mountain wood tick

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28
Q

What are the iinital symptoms of RMSF?

A

(Centripetal) Petechial rash over the extremities, then inwards. Nonpruritic

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29
Q

Where, geographically, are most RMSF cases found?

A

East coast

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30
Q

What are the late symptoms of untreated RMSF?

A

Thrombocytopenia, organ failure, shock

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31
Q

How do you diagnose RMSF?

A

Serology (poor b/c takes a long time to see abs)

Molecular techniques

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32
Q

What is the treatment for RMSF?

33
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

A

Small, gram negative intracelluar pathogens

34
Q

Does Ehrlichia or Anaplasma have LPS or a peptidoglycan?

35
Q

What are the cells that Ehrlichia are Anaplasma infect?

36
Q

What are the colonies that Ehrlichia/Anaplasma make within vacuoles?

37
Q

What are the diseases that Ehrlichia and Anaplasma causes?

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis

Human Granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasma)

38
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Ehrlichia are Anaplasma?

A

Intracellular infection of monocytes, forming morulae

39
Q

What is the vector for Ehrlichia chaffeensis? Reservoir?

A

Lone star tick

Reservoir = deer

40
Q

What is the vector for Anaplasma? Reservoir?

A

Ixodes ticks

Reservoir = small mammals

41
Q

What are the symptoms of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

A

limiting/nonspecific illness

Respiratory distress, CNS dysfunction, petechial rash, pneumonia

42
Q

How do you diagnose Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

A

Serology or blood smear

43
Q

What is the treatment for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

A

Tetracycline

44
Q

What is the disease that Coxiella burnetii causes?

A

Query fever

45
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Coxiella burnetii?

A

Small, gram negative pleomorphs

46
Q

What cells to Coxiella burnetii infects?

A

Phagosomes of Macrophages (they live in the acidic environment just fine)

47
Q

Does Coxiella burnetii have spores?

A

No, but small cells are super resistant

48
Q

What is the geographical distribution of Coxiella burnetii?

49
Q

What are the vectors for Coxiella burnetii? Who are the vectors important for?

A

ticks from farm animals.

These are only important for animals, NOT humans

50
Q

What is the primary source of human infection with Coxiella burnetii?

A

Unpasteurized milk, amniotic fluid of animals.

Inhalation

51
Q

What is the acute disease of Coxiella burnetii (Query fever)?

A

ILI to CNS/pneumonia/liver dysfunction

52
Q

What is the chronic diseases of Coxiella burnetii (Query fever)?

A

Endocarditis/hepatitis

53
Q

How do you diagnose Query fever?

A

Molecular/serlogical techniques

54
Q

What is the treatment for Query fever?

55
Q

How do you prevent Query fever?

A

Vaccination

56
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Bartonella?

A

Small, curved gram negative rods

57
Q

What are the two species and diseaes that Bartonella causes?

A

Bartonella quintana - trench fever

Bartonella henselae = cat scratch fever

58
Q

What is the pathogensis of Bartonella quintana (trench fever)?

A

Human body louse poops on you, and you smear it into the bite

59
Q

Trench fever is associated with what population?

60
Q

What are the symptoms of trench fever? is it fatal?

A

Relapsing fever (4-6 days), HA, dizziness

Not fatal

61
Q

What is the disease that Bartonella quintana causes?

A

Trench fever

62
Q

How do you diagnose Bartonella quintana?

A

Serology

Isolation from blood

63
Q

What is the treatment for Trench fever?

A

Aminoglycoside or a macrolide

64
Q

What is the epidemiology of Cat scratch fever?

A

Humans only, from cat fleas

65
Q

What is the cause of cat scratch fever?

A

Bartonella Henselae

66
Q

What are the symptoms of cat scratch fever?

A

Fever, lymphadenopathy

Papule at the site

67
Q

How do you diagnose Bartonella henselae?

A

Serology/molecular analysis

68
Q

What is the treatment for cat scratch fever?

A

Self resolving, or macrolides

69
Q

What is the disease and organism seen with a centripetal rash?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)

70
Q

What is the disease and organism seen with a centrifugal spread? (this is a boards only question, not for this test)

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (lose typhus fever

71
Q

What is the periodicity of the fever caused by malaria?

A

every 2-3 days lasting 24h

72
Q

What is the periodicity of the fever caused by brucellosis?

A

Daily, fever every evening

73
Q

What is the periodicity of the fever caused by Borrelia?

A

Every 7-10 days, constant

74
Q

What is the cause of malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

75
Q

What is the cause of relapsing fever?

76
Q

What are the two forms of Coxiella burnetii? What is their significance?

A

Small cell and large cell

Smalls group together to form large. Repeat

77
Q

What is the cause of trench fever?

A

Bartonella quintana

78
Q

What is the rash seen with cat scratch fever?

A

Single papule

Microbio (50 decks)

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