Zoonosis II Flashcards by tcarlso 3

What is the gram stain and morphology of Borrelia? Aerobic?

Neither gram positive or negative

Spirochete

Microaerophilic

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What are the diseases that Borrelia causes?

Lyme disease

Relapsing fever

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What are the two forms of relapsing fever? Species that cause this?

Endemic (borrelia hermsii)

Epidemic (Borrelia recurrentis)

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What is the species of Borrelia that causes lymes disease?

Borrelia Burgdorferi

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What is the leading vector borne disease in the US?

Lymes disease

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What are the major reservoirs of lymes disease?

Mice and deer

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What are the major vectors of Lyme’s disease?

Ixodes ticks (hard tick)

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When are Lymes disease seen?

Summer

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What is the first stage of lyme’s?

Localized infection with bullseye (erythema migrans)

Malaise, fever, HA, myalgia, lymphadenopathy

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What are the symptoms of stage 2 Lyme disease?

Bacteria migrate to to cause arthralgia, myalgias

Neuro symptoms

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What are the symptoms of stage 3 of Lyme?

Joints affected
Neuro complaints
Ashy skin discoloration on the hands

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How do you diagnose Lyme?

Clinically

serology

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What is the treatment for Lyme?

Doxy/amox

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How do you prevent Lyme disease?

Edu and DEET

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What are the symptoms of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia?

Febrile and afebrile cycles lasting 3-7 days, then returns

Hepatosplenomegaly

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What is the pathogenesis of Relapsing fever? How does it evade the immune system?

Bite of a tick
Dissemination
Antigenic variation

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What is the vector for endemic Borrelia? Reservoir?

Ticks

Reservoir = mice

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What is the vector for epidemic Borrelia infection? Is this a zoonotic disease?

Louse borne

This is not zoonotic

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What is the mortality rate of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia?

5-40%

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What causes the relapsing pattern of Borrelia?

Antigenic changes between bactermia

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How do you diagnose Borrelia?

Giemsa stain

Serological

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What is the treatment for Borrelia?

Tetracycline or erythromycin

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What is the gram stain and morpholgy of Rickettsia?

Very small gram negative coccobaclli

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What is the pathogenesis of Rickettsia?

infect vascular endothelial cells and replicate. Leave when they want

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What is the major disease that Rickettsia causes?

Rocky mountain spotted fever

What are the symptoms of Rickettsia? (3)

Fever Petechial rash on the extremities Vascular lesions is systemic disease

What is the vector for Rickettsia rickettsii?

Dog tick or rocky mountain wood tick

What are the iinital symptoms of RMSF?

(Centripetal) Petechial rash over the extremities, then inwards. Nonpruritic

Where, geographically, are most RMSF cases found?

East coast

What are the late symptoms of untreated RMSF?

Thrombocytopenia, organ failure, shock

How do you diagnose RMSF?

Serology (poor b/c takes a long time to see abs) | Molecular techniques

What is the treatment for RMSF?

Doxy

What is the gram stain and morphology of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

Small, gram negative intracelluar pathogens

Does Ehrlichia or Anaplasma have LPS or a peptidoglycan?

What are the cells that Ehrlichia are Anaplasma infect?

Monocytes

What are the colonies that Ehrlichia/Anaplasma make within vacuoles?

Morulae

What are the diseases that Ehrlichia and Anaplasma causes?

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis Human Granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasma)

What is the pathogenesis of Ehrlichia are Anaplasma?

Intracellular infection of monocytes, forming morulae

What is the vector for Ehrlichia chaffeensis? Reservoir?

Lone star tick Reservoir = deer

What is the vector for Anaplasma? Reservoir?

Ixodes ticks Reservoir = small mammals

What are the symptoms of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

limiting/nonspecific illness Respiratory distress, CNS dysfunction, petechial rash, pneumonia

How do you diagnose Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

Serology or blood smear

What is the treatment for Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

Tetracycline

What is the disease that Coxiella burnetii causes?

Query fever

What is the gram stain and morphology of Coxiella burnetii?

Small, gram negative pleomorphs

What cells to Coxiella burnetii infects?

Phagosomes of Macrophages (they live in the acidic environment just fine)

Does Coxiella burnetii have spores?

No, but small cells are super resistant

What is the geographical distribution of Coxiella burnetii?

Worldwide

What are the vectors for Coxiella burnetii? Who are the vectors important for?

ticks from farm animals. | These are only important for animals, NOT humans

What is the primary source of human infection with Coxiella burnetii?

Unpasteurized milk, amniotic fluid of animals. Inhalation

What is the acute disease of Coxiella burnetii (Query fever)?

ILI to CNS/pneumonia/liver dysfunction

What is the chronic diseases of Coxiella burnetii (Query fever)?

Endocarditis/hepatitis

How do you diagnose Query fever?

Molecular/serlogical techniques

What is the treatment for Query fever?

Doxy

How do you prevent Query fever?

Vaccination

What is the gram stain and morphology of Bartonella?

Small, curved gram negative rods

What are the two species and diseaes that Bartonella causes?

Bartonella quintana - trench fever Bartonella henselae = cat scratch fever

What is the pathogensis of Bartonella quintana (trench fever)?

Human body louse poops on you, and you smear it into the bite

Trench fever is associated with what population?

Homeless

What are the symptoms of trench fever? is it fatal?

Relapsing fever (4-6 days), HA, dizziness Not fatal

What is the disease that Bartonella quintana causes?

Trench fever

How do you diagnose Bartonella quintana?

Serology | Isolation from blood

What is the treatment for Trench fever?

Aminoglycoside or a macrolide

What is the epidemiology of Cat scratch fever?

Humans only, from cat fleas

What is the cause of cat scratch fever?

Bartonella Henselae

What are the symptoms of cat scratch fever?

Fever, lymphadenopathy | Papule at the site

How do you diagnose Bartonella henselae?

Serology/molecular analysis

What is the treatment for cat scratch fever?

Self resolving, or macrolides

What is the disease and organism seen with a centripetal rash?

Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)

What is the disease and organism seen with a centrifugal spread? (this is a boards only question, not for this test)

Rickettsia prowazekii (lose typhus fever

What is the periodicity of the fever caused by malaria?

every 2-3 days lasting 24h

What is the periodicity of the fever caused by brucellosis?

Daily, fever every evening

What is the periodicity of the fever caused by Borrelia?

Every 7-10 days, constant

What is the cause of malaria?

Plasmodium falciparum

What is the cause of relapsing fever?

Borrelia

What are the two forms of Coxiella burnetii? What is their significance?

Small cell and large cell Smalls group together to form large. Repeat

What is the cause of trench fever?

Bartonella quintana

What is the rash seen with cat scratch fever?

Single papule